==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 1 of 11 Phrack Inc. Newsletter Issue XXVII Index ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ June 20, 2024 Greetings and welcome to Issue 27 of Phrack Inc. The pressure is on with SummerCon '89 just a couple short days away. We're sorry it has taken so long to get this issue out, but summer break has created more responsibilities and busy schedules than we have ever had to deal with while in school. Still, I think you will agree that this issue was worth the wait. This issue we feature a new updated NUA and Datex-P list from Oberdaemon of Switzerland and Chapter 7 of the Future Transcendent Saga (taking into account that the SPAN and NSFnet files were chapters 5 and 6). We also present the second part of the COSMOS file written by King Arthur. Before we get to the main contents of the issue, we have a few comments to make regarding security and Phrack Inc.'s Internet access; Thanks to a friend, we at Phrack Inc. have become aware of one of the main techniques that the National Security Agency (NSA) uses to perform surveillance on the wide area networks. In certain messages that certain government agencies distribute, special phone numbers are included; WATS (800) numbers, to be more specific. As these messages are distributed around the continent via various netmail and file transfer schemes, they are passed through several surveillance stations. All of their stations perform one function, and in Unix terms, that function is called "grep." Grep stands for G>lobal R>egular E>xpression search and P>rint. The grep does simple string matching. Every instance of these special 800-numbers in an email message (or batch of them) is flagged, recorded, and the record is mailed to certain intelligence agencies by the surveillance stations. Here are the networks that we are reasonably certain that this practice is performed on: * USEnet : Email is only checked in certain places, but ALL netnews (including alt and any other nonstandard newsgroups) are flagged by a single government domain SUN-3 that shall remain nameless. * ARPAnet : All mail going through a standard BBN (Bolt, Bernack, and Neumann... a Cambridge/MIT spinoff) Internet controller will be flagged, but the only information recorded by the controller is the source and destination TCP/IP addresses of the message. But when you consider that this involves ***ALL*** DARPA mailing lists, you get a visualization of the magnitude. The reason more complex information is NOT recorded is that this network is the only AUTHORIZED place that these messages with the hot WATS are supposed to appear. You will see what this means in a moment. * BITnet : Large IBM mainframe with I/O channel cycles to spare should have no problem scanning mail from one of the most publically accessable "free" networks. * Fidonet : The Secret Service scans this for credit card and other violations. It is not too hard for them to check for the (800)'s, too. * W.Union : All international telex lines are scanned to match a whole lot of stuff, especially drug-related information. The phone numbers are on their list. We have other suspicions, but we are withholding them for now. The other news is equally disturbing because it strikes us a little close to home. We are temporarily losing our network access. As of June 27, 2024 through August 28, 2024 we will not have access to our accounts on UMCVMB mainframe system. Make no attempt to mail us to our addresses there until August 28, 2024. However, every cloud has a silver lining and this is no exception. For networks people who wish to submit files to Phrack Inc. during this time period we proudly present our friend and associate, Hatchet Molly. He can be reached at "TK0GRM2@NIU.BITNET" and/or "TK0GRM2%NIU.BITNET@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU". So here is to another great issue of Phrack Inc! Taran King Knight Lightning Hatchet Molly TK0GRM2@NIU.BITNET TK0GRM2%NIU.BITNET@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU _______________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents: 1. Phrack Inc. XXVII Index by Taran King and Knight Lightning 2. Operating The IBM VM/SP CP by Taran King 3. Introduction To MIDNET: Chapter Seven Of The FTS by Knight Lightning 4. NUA List For Datex-P And X.25 Networks by Oberdaemon 5. COSMOS: COmputer System for Mainframe OperationS (Part Two) by King Arthur 6. Looking Around In DECnet by Deep Thought 7. The Making Of A Hacker by Framstag 8. Sending Fakemail In Unix by Dark OverLord 9. The Postal Inspection Service by Vendetta 10. Phrack World News XXVII/Part 1 by Knight Lightning 11. Phrack World News XXVII/Part 2 by Knight Lightning 12. Phrack World News XXVII/Part 3 by Knight Lightning _______________________________________________________________________________ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 2 of 12 Operating the IBM VM/SP CP (IBM Virtual Machine System Product Control Program) An information article researched by Taran King May 18, 2024 This article is for the purpose of understanding the Control Program (CP) portion of IBM's VM/SP. This is basically a separate section of VM/CMS known as CP (with full screen editors, the CP level is indicated in the lower right hand corner of the screen and for line-by-line editors, before the command line and after hitting carriage returns, it should say "CP") and it's purpose is to manage real resources. Any command that involves something outside of your virtual machine must communicate with CP. If CMS does not recognize a command you give it, it will give it to CP. The user generally enters the CP stage after a program flops or if you get disconnected. You can also enter the CP stage by hitting PA1 which is a function key of sorts. PA1 toggles between CP and CMS while on-line and if you re-login after being disconnected, PA1 can be used besides the BEGIN command which will be spoken about later in this article. Generally, VM/CMS systems are well equipped with help files so if anything I print becomes unclear to you, from CMS mode, type HELP CP XXX where XXX is the CP command you want information on. To start this article off, I'm printing off the IBM-Defined Class and the Function Types as listed in the IBM VM/SP CP manual. This essentially tells you what privileges you have with your assigned class. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ IBM-Defined Function User & Class Type Functions ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A O Operations: The primary sysop can issue all class A commands. The class A user controls the VM/SP system. Class A is assigned to the user at the VM/SP system console during IPL. The primary sysop is responsible for the availability of the VM/SP system and its communication lines and resources. In addition, the class A user controls system accounting, broadcast messages, virtual machine performance options, and other command operands that affect the overall performance of the VM/SP. The sysop controls operation of the real machine using the system control panel and console device. NOTE: The class A sysop who is automatically logged on during CP initialization is designated as the primary sysop. B R Resource: The system resource operator can issue all class B commands. The class B user controls allocation and deallocation of all the real resources of the VM/SP system, except those controlled by the primary sysop and spooling operator. C P Programmer: The system programmer can issue all class C commands. The class C user updates certain functions of the VM/SP system. The system programmer can modify real storage in the real machine. D S Spooling: The spooling operator can issue all class D commands. The class D user controls spool data files and specific functions of the system's unit record equipment. E A Analyst: The system analyst can issue all class E commands. The class E user displays the contents of real storage, performs the functions required to generate saved systems and discontiguous saved segments, and controls the collecting and recording of performance measurement data. This class of user can display specified real storage areas on the virtual operator's console or on a spooled virtual printer, but cannot modify real storage. F C Customer Engineer: The service representative can issue all class F commands. The class F user obtains, and examines, in detail, certain data about input and output devices connected to the VM/SP system. The service representative can establish extensive recording mode for one I/O device at a time and can cause the recording of repressible machine check errors to be initiated or resumed. G G General: The general user can issue all class G commands. The class G user controls functions associated with the execution of his virtual machine. A general user cannot display or modify real storage. ANY ANY The ANY classification is given to certain CP commands that are available to any user. These are primarily for the purpose of gaining and relinquishing access to the VM/SP system. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ The following is the list of commands available along with a brief description as to what they do and/or formatting and then ending with the IBM-Defined Class and Function Type. * : From CP, one may use the * command to annotate the terminal console sheet ~ or the terminal display screen with a comment. In other words, type * and then any string of characters you would, for some reason, to be present on the screen thereafter. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: N/A #CP : This command is used to execute a CP Command while in a virtual machine ~~~ command environment without first signaling attention to get to the CP command environment which means that when typing P to perform a CP operation, CP directly receives the command whereas CP merely queues the command from CP. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY ACNT : The ACNT command is used to create accounting records for logged on ~~~~ users and to reset accounting data. It also closes a spool file that is accumulating accounting records. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O ADSTOP : The ADSTOP command is used to halt the execution of a virtual machine ~~~~~~ at a virtual instruction point. The hexloc variable may be placed after the word ADSTOP which is a 6 character hexadecimal representation of the virtual instruction address where the execution is to be halted. The OFF option of the ADSTOP command cancels any previous ADSTOP setting. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G ATTN : Use the ATTN command to make an attention interruption pending at your ~~~~ virtual console. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G AUTOLOG : This command allows the user to log on any virtual machine defined ~~~~~~~ in the directory. Privilege Level: A, B Function Type: O BACKSPAC : The BACKSPAC command is used to restart or reposition the current ~~~~~~~~ output on a real punch or printer. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S BEGIN or B : The BEGIN command by itself from CP mode will return the user to ~~~~~~~~~~ CMS mode in the place where he/she left off before he/she was disconnected or thrown into CP. The BEGIN command can also be followed by a hex location as to where to start in the case of the user wanting to be doing something other than what was previously occurring. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G CHANGE or CH : In use of the CHANGE command, there are subcommands with ~~~~~~~~~~~~ variables. Generally, the "name" variable is 1 to 4 characters in length. The following are the subcommands with functions and formatting: o READER or RDR : changes reader spool files. o PRINTER or PRT : changes printer spool files. o PUNCH or PCH : changes punch spool files. o CLASS c1 : designates an existing class where c1 is a 1-character alphanumerical field from A to Z or 0 to 9. o spoolid : spoolid number of file that is to be changed. o FORM form1 : 1 to 8 character alphanumeric form name used to select files to be changed (form1). o ALL : changes all of your spool files. o HOLD : prevents a file from being printed, punched, or read until released. o NOHOLD : releases the specified file from the user's HOLD status. o DIST dist : changes the distribution code to variable "dist". o COPY(*)nnn : specifies number of copies of the file you want spooled, which is valid only for printer or punch files. "nnn" is a number from 1 to 255 and the "*" is present in the case of a 3800 printer being used so that copies will be made in the printer internally. o FLASH name nnn : signifies that a form's overlay contained in the 3800 printer is to be superimposed onto certain pages of output. "nnn" is a number from 0 to 255 representing the number of copies to be superimposed. o MODIFY name (n) : allows text alteration by preventing information printing or by adding labels to output. "n" selects a keyword in CHARS to be used for copy modification text. o CHARS name1 (name2(name3(name4))) CHARS name1(CH names2(CH names3(CH names4))) : specifies character arrangement table when printing a file. There can be up to 4 names. o FCB name : controls vertical spacing of output on a page. o FORM form2 : changes spool form name of file to form2. o NAME fn (ft) : assigns identification to spool file in CMS format filename and filetype. o NAME dsname : assigns identification to spool file in non-CMS format where "dsname" is from 1 to 24 characters, suitable for specifying OS or DOS files. Privilege Class: S, G Function Type: D, G CLOSE or C : The CLOSE command terminates spooling activity on any virtual ~~~~~~~~~~ spooled unit record or console device. It Contains the following subcommands to be followed by the letter C or the word CLOSE: o READER or RDR o PRINTER or PRT o PUNCH or PCH o FORM form1 o HOLD o NOHOLD o DIST dist o NAME fn (ft) o NAME dsname o vaddr : virtual address (cuu) of device to be closed. o CONSOLE : closes virtual machine's console spool file which makes it a printer spool file. o PURGE : closes and immediately purges from the virtual machine the output spool files. No output file is produced. o CHAIN : only valid for VM/SP HPO Release 4.2 and Profs Spool File Enhancement PRPQ. Indicates that the punchfile is to be chained. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G COMMANDS or COMM : Use COMMAND to list the commands and diagnose codes you are ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ authorized to use. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY COUPLE : Using the COUPLE command connects your virtual non-dedicated ~~~~~~ channel-to-channel device to another user's virtual device of the same type or to another one of your own virtual devices of the same type. The format of this command is in the form of COUPLE vaddr1 TO userid vaddr2. The variable vaddr1 is your virtual address and the variables userid vaddr2 identify the userid and virtual address of that userid to be connected to. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G CP : The CP command may precede the command to be processed, but it is not ~~ necessary. Generally, the CP command is used from CMS mode to queue CP functions by typing CP . Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY CPTRAP : The CPTRAP command creates a reader file of a selected trace table, ~~~~~~ CP interface, and virtual machine interface entries for problem determination. Privilege Class: C Function Type: P DCP : This command displays the contents of real storage locations at the ~~~ terminal. Privilege Class: C, E Function Type: P DEFINE or DEF : The DEFINE command in CP is used to alter your virtual machine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ configuration or channel operating mode. There are a LOT of subcommands that are used with the DEFINE command such as RDR or PRT or PCH and the list goes on and on. If you want details, there is a help file (type HELP CP DEF) that is almost 600 lines that goes into detail on each subcommand. Privilege Class: B, G Function Type: R, G DETACH or DET : The DETACH command is used to remove a virtual device from the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ virtual machine. The subcommands are as follows: o vaddr (vaddr...) : used for multiple addresses to be detached where vaddr is the virtual address (cuu) of the device to be detached. o vaddr-vaddr : used to detach a range of addresses. o CHANNEL c : detaches the real address of the channel. Privilege Class: B, G Function Type: R, G DIAL : Using the DIAL command logically connects a switched line, leased line, ~~~~ locally attached, or remote Binary Synchronous (BSC) terminal to a previously logged-on multiple-access virtual machine. It is in the format of DIAL userid (vaddr) where the userid is that to be connected to and the vaddr is the optional virtual address. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY DISABLE : The DISABLE command prevents low speed communications lines from ~~~~~~~ accessing the system. Privilege Class: A, B Function Type: R DISCONN or DISC : The DISCONNECT command is used to disconnect your terminal ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ from the system while the virtual machine continues operation. Using the DISC HOLD or DISC HO option, you specify that the communications line is not to be disabled which allows you to avoid re-dialing the system. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY DISPLAY or D : The DISPLAY command allows you to display virtual machine ~~~~~~~~~~~~ components at your terminal. Depending on what variable follows the D or DISPLAY command from CP, you can display virtual storage locations, storage keys, general registers, floating-point registers, control registers, vector registers, VAC (Vector Activity Counter), VSR (Vector Status Register), VMR (Vector Mask Register), PSW (Program Status Word), CAW (Channel Address Word), and CSW (Channel Status Word). Privilege Class: G Function Type: G DMCP : This command prints the contents of real storage locations on a user's ~~~~ virtual spooled printer. Privilege Class: C, E Function Type: P DRAIN : The DRAIN command stops spooling operations on a specified real unit's ~~~~~ read devices after the file currently being processed has been completed. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S DUMP or DU : Use the DUMP command to print the contents of various components ~~~~~~~~~~ of the virtual machine on the virtual spooled printer. Depending on what variable is placed after the DUMP or DU command, the items printed include virtual PSW (Program Status Word), general registers, floating-point registers, control registers, storage keys, and virtual storage locations. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G ECHO or EC : Defaulted at 1, the ECHO command places the terminal in the echo ~~~~~~~~~~ environment in which any line entered is transmitted unchanged back to the terminal a specified number of times, depending on the variable entered immediately after the word ECHO or EC. Privilege Type: G Function Type: G ENABLE : Use the ENABLE command to enable the previously disabled or nonabled ~~~~~~ devices so users may access the system. Privilege Class: A, B Function Type: R EXTERNAL or EXT : The EXTERNAL command allows the user to simulate an external ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ interrupt to the virtual machine and to return control to that machine. The hexadecimal code following the word EXTERNAL or EXT is associated with the external interrupt, the default being the number 40 which is associated with the external interrupt button on a system console. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G FLUSH : The FLUSH command halts and immediately purges on hold the current ~~~~~ output on a specified unit record device. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S FORCE : This command forces a logoff of any user of the system. ~~~~~ Privilege Class: A Function Type: O FREE : Use the FREE command to remove a set of spool files belonging to a ~~~~ specified user from a system hold status. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S HALT : The HALT command terminates any active channel program on a specified ~~~~ real device. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O HOLD : The HOLD command places user spool files in a system hold status. ~~~~ Privilege Class: D Function Type: S INDICATE or IND : At your terminal, you can display the use of and contention ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ for major system resources with the INDICATE command. The following variables that follow the word INDICATE or IND show the following data: o LOAD : shows number of users in queue 1 and queue 2, the usage of real storage, and the ratio of active users to users being serviced. This is done by returning values that indicate operating load on the system. o USER : displays the amounts of system resources used by your virtual machine in the current terminal session. Privilege Class: A, E, G Function Type: O, A, G IPL or I : Generally used to return to CMS via the IPL CMS or I CMS command, ~~~~~~~~ the IPL command simulates an initial program load function for a virtual machine. Subcommands are as follows: o vaddr : virtual address (cuu) of the device that contains the nucleus to be loaded. o cylno : cylinder containing the IPL data which defaults to 0. o nnnnn : block address containing the IPL data which defaults to 0. o CLEAR : sets virtual storage space to binary zeros before the operating system is loaded. o NOCLEAR : allows contents of your virtual storage space to remain unchanged prior to program load. o STOP : halts the virtual machine during the IPL procedure just before the initial PSW is loaded. o ATTN : generates an attention interrupt to the virtual machine during the IPL procedure. o PARM p1 (p2...) : processes up to 64 bytes of data to your virtual machine's general registers starting with the high order byte of general register 0. o systemname : simulates IPL function when loading a named system that was previously saved. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G LINK : The LINK command is used to make a device that is associated with ~~~~ another virtual machine available at your virtual machine configuration based upon info in that user's directory entry. This command is in the format of LINK TO userid vaddr1 AS vaddr2 (mode) ((PASS=) password(1)). Privilege Class: G Function Type: G LOADBUF : On a 1403 printer, the LOADBUF command loads the Universal Character ~~~~~~~ Set (UCS) with a specified print train or chain image. On a 3203, 3211, 3212, 4245, or 4248 printer, it loads the UCS or the Forms Control Buffer (FCB) with a specified image. On a 3289 Model 4 printer, it loads the Font Offset Buffer (FOB) with the image print belt and the FCB. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S LOADVFCB : This command specifies the forms control buffer image for different ~~~~~~~~ virtual spooled printers. The variables that follow it include: o vaddr o FCB : required reserved keyword meaning Forms Control Buffer. o name : a name that is system defined. o INDEX (nn) : place initial printing position in number nn for the 3211 printer. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G LOCATE : Use the LOCATE command to find the addresses of CP control blocks ~~~~~~ associated with a particular user, a user's device, or a real system device. Privilege Class: C, E Function Type: P LOCK : This command permanently locks in selected pages of real storage. ~~~~ Privilege Class: A Function Type: O LOGOFF or LOGOUT or LOG : Used to terminate a virtual machine session and ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ disconnect your virtual machine from the system, this command can be used with the HOLD option (i.e. LOG HOLD) for retaining the connection allowing for a switched communications line to enable one to log on without re-dialing the system. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY LOGON or LOGIN or L : Obvious enough, the LOGIN or LOGON command is used to ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ identify yourself to the system and to access that system. Following the words LOGIN or LOGON or L, type your userid which is the identifier assigned to you in the system. If the system you are logging onto does NOT have password suppression, your password can follow directly after your userid. NOTE: If the system you are on does have password suppression (i.e. it does not echo to your screen what you type when you type your password), you will get a system error message if you try to put it on the same line as your userid. The NOIPL option, which would follow your password and userid, specifies that the IPL device or name in the directory should not be used for an automatic IPL. Privilege Class: ANY Function Type: ANY MESSAGE or MSG or M : Use the MESSAGE command to transmit message text to a ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ specified userid or to the primary system operator userid. MSG userid msgtext sends msgtext to the userid specified after userid. If userid is replaced with *, the text is sent to yourself. Also, if the userid is replaced with OPERATOR, the message text is sent to the primary system operator regardless of his userid. Privilege Class: A, B, ANY Function Type: O, ANY MIGRATE : The MIGRATE command activates the normal page/swap table migration ~~~~~~~ routines or forces a particular user's pages to a secondary device even if that user is currently active. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O MONITOR : To initiate or override the system-generated function or to ~~~~~~~ terminate the recording of events occurring in the real machine, use the MONITOR command. Privilege Class: A, E Function Type: O MSGNOH : The MSGNOH command allows a service virtual machine to send messages ~~~~~~ to specified users without the standard header associated with the MESSAGE command. Privilege Class: B Function Type: R NETWORK : The NETWORK command allows you to load, dump and control operation ~~~~~~~ of a 3704 or 3705 and to control operation of a 3725 control program operating in 270x emulation mode (EP). Also, it allows control of remote 3270 devices via binary synchronous lines. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O NOTREADY or NOTR : Using the NOTREADY command causes the virtual device, which ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ is specified after the NOTREADY statement via cuu address, to appear as if it had changed from ready to not ready status. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G ORDER or ORD : ORDER is used to place your closed spool files in a specific ~~~~~~~~~~~~ order by device type. These spool files include READER, PRINTER, and PUNCH files and can be sorted by CLASS, FORM, and spoolid. Privilege Class: D, G Function Type: S, G PER : PER allows one to monitor certain events as they occur during program ~~~ execution in the user's virtual machine. This command can monitor the fetching and execution of an instruction, the execution of a successful branch instruction, the instruction of an instruction that alters a specific general purpose register, and the execution of an instruction in the virtual machine that alters storage. Privilege Class: A, B, C, D, E, F, G Function Type: G PURGE or PUR : Use the PURGE command to remove your own closed spool files ~~~~~~~~~~~~ from the system before they are printed or punched by the spooling devices, or before they are read by a user. The spool file specifications include READER, PRINTER, and PUNCH files as well as the ALL option which purges all of the above mentioned files. Privilege Class: D, G Function Type: S, G QUERY or Q : Also available in CMS mode, the QUERY command is used to ~~~~~~~~~~ determine your system status and machine configuration. Although there are far too many subcommands of the QUERY command, the following is a list of items that may be queried. I recommend, for full detail, using the HELP CP QUERY command as it is quite thorough (over 1000 lines) in explaining the QUERY command. o The time you have used during a terminal session. o The number of closed input and output spool files associated with your virtual machine. o The current settings of the color and/or extended highlight values in effect for your virtual machine console. o The current settings of the SET command functions. o The current settings of the TERMINAL command functions. o The status of all the devices on your virtual machine. o The channel operating mode of your virtual machine, whether block-multiplexer or selector. o A listing of all users who are linked to a given virtual address, together with their device addresses and access modes. o Display of the secondary user (secuser) that is specified in the CONSOLE directory statement. o Identification and attributes associated with your virtual PRINTER, PUNCH, and READER spool files. o The identification of your virtual processor. o The mode of processor operation of your VM/SP HPO installation: uniprocessor mode (UP), attached processor mode (AP), or multiprocessor mode (MP). o The userid and system identifier. o A listing of the PER traceset elements. o The log messages of the day. o The names of the users that are logged on. o The number of users that are logged on or dialed to the system. NOTE: There are other operands you can use with the QUERY command if you have the privilege class required to use them. Privilege Class: A, B, C, D, E, F, G Function Type: O, R, P, S, A, C, G QVM : Use this command to request the transition from the VM/SP environment to ~~~ native mode for a particular virtual machine. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O READY : In the format of READY vaddr, this command is used to set a device-end ~~~~~ interruption pending for the specified virtual device. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G REPEAT : Use the REPEAT command to increase the number of copies of an output ~~~~~~ file or to place the current output file in a hold status increasing or not increasing the number of copies to be created. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S REQUEST or REQ : Simply use the REQUEST command to make an attention interrupt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ at your virtual console. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G RESET : Also in the format of RESET vaddr, this command is used to clear all ~~~~~ pending interrupts from the specified virtual device. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G REWIND or REW : The REWIND command is used to rewind a real tape unit attached ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ to your virtual machine at a specified virtual device address in the format REWIND vaddr. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SAVESYS : This command allows you to save a virtual machine storage space with ~~~~~~~ registers and the PSW as they currently exist. It is used in the process of creating named systems. Privilege Class: E Function Type: A SCREEN or SCRE : Use the SCREEN command to alter or change any extended color ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ and/or extended highlight definitions for your virtual machine console. You may issue the command from any IBM supported terminal or from a PROFILE EXEC because the SCREEN command is not device dependent. However, the SCREEN command is only valid when the Extended Color Feature has been applied to the terminal controller. You can assign extended color and extended highlighting values to six distinct display screen areas: the input area, the system status area, and the output area that encompasses three other areas: CP output, virtual machine output, virtual machine output, and an input redisplay area. The physical attributes of 3270 Information Display station screens vary according to model. Because this command mainly applies to people who are not on dial-up, I have elected not to detail all of the variables available with the SCREEN command. Once again, I recommend you using HELP CP SCREEN for details. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SEND : Using the Single Console Image Facility, the SEND command is used to ~~~~ pass commands and message replies for the secondary user's console to disconnect virtual machines for execution. This command is executed in the format: SEND (CP) userid (text). Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SET : Use the SET command to control various functions within your virtual ~~~ system. This command has a large number of variables that can be SET and details for each of the variables can be obtained from the HELP CP SET file. Privilege Class: A, B, E, F, G Function Type: O, R, A, C, G SHUTDOWN : This command, of course, systematically ends all virtual machine ~~~~~~~~ functions and checkpoints the system for an eventual warn start. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O SLEEP or SL : To place the virtual machine in a dormant state but allow ~~~~~~~~~~~ messages to be displayed, use the SLEEP command in the format of SLEEP nn (time-specification) where time-specification is SEC for seconds, MIN for minutes, or HR for hours and nn is the number of the amount of time for the machine to be in dormant state. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SMSG or SM : The SMSG command is used to send a special message to a virtual ~~~~~~~~~~ machine programmed to accept and process the message. The format of this command is SMSG userid msgtext where userid is the userid to receive the message and msgtext is the message to be sent to the userid. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SPACE : Use the SPACE command to force the output on a specified printer to be ~~~~~ single spaced for the current active spool file regardless of the carriage control commands in the actual file. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S SPMODE : SPMODE allows the system operator to establish or reset the single ~~~~~~ processor mode environment. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O SPOOL or SP : Use the SPOOL command to modify the spooling control options in ~~~~~~~~~~~ effect for a given virtual spooling device or for a group of devices. The SPOOL command can also start or stop the spooling of virtual console input and output. You can direct a file to a remote location by using the SPOOL command in conjunction with the TAG command. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SPTAPE : Use this command to dump spool files to tape or to load spool files ~~~~~~ from tape. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S START : The START command restarts a spooling device after it has been drained ~~~~~ or changes the output class that it may service. Privilege Class: D Function Type: S STCP : To alter the contents of real storage but not real PSW or real ~~~~ registers, use the STCP command. Privilege Class: C Function Type: P STORE or ST : The STORE command is used to alter the contents of specified ~~~~~~~~~~~ registers and locations of the virtual machine. As well as saving virtual machine data in low storage, the contents of the following can be altered: o Virtual storage locations o General registers o Floating-point registers o Control registers o Program Status Word (PSW) Privilege Class: G Function Type: G SYSTEM or SYS : SYSTEM is used to simulate the action of the RESET and RESTART ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ buttons on the real computer console, and to clear storage. The variables are as follows: o CLEAR : clears virtual storage and virtual storage keys to binary zeros. o RESET : clears all pending interrupts and conditions in the virtual machine. o RESTART : simulates the hardware system RESTART function by storing the current PSW at virtual location eight and loading, as the new PSW, the doubleword from virtual location zero. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G TAG or TA : The TAG has many different variables that can be tagged, which are ~~~~~~~~~ too many to list here because of different settings for each one, but it is used to associate file descriptive information with a spool file. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G TERMINAL or TERM : The TERMINAL command is used to control the following ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ functions associated with your virtual console: o Logical line-editing symbols o Masking of password o The APL character set o The Text character set o Signaling of an attention interrupt o Attention handling mode for your virtual console o Line length for output on your virtual console o Specifying terminal device type as 3101 or TTY o Location of cursor preceding terminal read o Scrolling rate for 3101 terminal Privilege Class: G Function Type: G TRACE or TR : Use the TRACE command to trace specified virtual machine ~~~~~~~~~~~ activity and to record the results at the terminal, on a virtual spooled printer, or on both terminal and printer. If you issue more than one TRACE command, the operands are cumulative; that is, operands specified for th e first time are activated, whereas those specified with new modifiers are updated. The RUN and NORUN operands, however, can be specified in different tracing functions and do not cause a conflict. You cannot issue the TRACE command while preferred machine assist is operating, whether or not you have enabled the preferred machine assist feature's control switch assist. Privilege Class: G Function Type: G TRANSFER or TRAN : This command is used to transfer your closed spool files to ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ a specified user or queue, or to reclaim closed spool files that you created. Privilege Class: D, G Function Type: S, G UNLOCK : Use the UNLOCK command to unlock page frames previously locked by a ~~~~~~ LOCK command. Privilege Class: A Function Type: O VARY : The VARY command marks a device available or unavailable for use by a ~~~~ user or the control program. Privilege Class: B Function Type: R VMDUMP or VMD : The VMDUMP command dumps virtual storage that VM/SP HPO ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ creates for the virtual machine user. VMDUMP dumps the following: o Virtual Program Status Word (PSW) o General registers o Floating-point registers o Control registers o Storage protection keys o Virtual machine type identification o Timer values Privilege Class: G Function Type: G WARNING : Use the WARNING command to transmit high-priority messages to a ~~~~~~~ specified user or to all users. Privilege Class: A, B Function Type: O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ This article is far from totally complete as far as in-depthness goes. As I have stated in numerous portions of this file, the VM/CMS system has a very good HELP file system, and from CMS, the command HELP CP will, in most cases, allow you to read a relatively clear text file containing the details and usage specifications of these commands. I hope that, should you b e moving around a VM/CMS system, this file will assist you in the CP mode. For those that wish to contact me for commentary on this file topic or other topic conversation, you can send e-mail to my network addresses: Internet: C488869@UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU Bitnet: C488869@UMCVMB.BITNET ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 3 of 12 <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> <> <> <> Introduction to MIDNET <> <> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <> <> Chapter Seven Of The Future Transcendent Saga <> <> <> <> A More Indepth Look Into NSFnet <> <> National Science Foundation Network <> <> <> <> Presented by Knight Lightning <> <> June 16, 2024 <> <> <> <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Prologue ~~~~~~~~ If you are not already familiar with NSFnet, I would suggest that you read: "Frontiers" (Phrack Inc., Volume Two, Issue 24, File 4 of 13), and definitely; "NSFnet: National Science Foundation Network" (Phrack Inc., Volume Three, Issue 26, File 4 of 11). Table Of Contents ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ * Introduction * The DOD Protocol Suite * Names and Addresses In A Network * Telnet (*NOT* Telenet) * File Transfer * Mail Introduction ~~~~~~~~~~~~ MIDNET is a regional computer network that is part of the NSFnet, the National Science Foundation Network. Currently, eleven mid-United States universities are connected to each other and to the NSFnet via MIDnet: UA - University of Arkansas at Fayetteville ISU - Iowa State University at Ames UI - University of Iowa at Iowa City KSU - Kansas State University at Manhattan KU - University of Kansas at Lawrence UMC - University of Missouri at Columbia WU - Washington University at St. Louis, Missouri UNL - University of Nebraska at Lincoln OSU - Oklahoma State University at Stillwater UT - University of Tulsa (Oklahoma) OU - University of Oklahoma at Norman Researchers at any of these universities that have funded grants can access th e six supercomputer centers funded by the NSF: John Von Neuman Supercomputer Center National Center for Atmospheric Research Cornell National Supercomputer Facility National Center for Supercomputing Applications Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center San Diego Supercomputing Center In addition, researchers and scientists can communicate with each other over a vast world-wide computer network that includes the NSFnet, ARPAnet, CSnet, BITnet, and others that you have read about in The Future Transcendent Saga. Please refer to "Frontiers" (Phrack Inc., Volume Two, Issue 24, File 4 of 13) for more details. MIDnet is just one of several regional computer networks that comprise the NSFnet system. Although all of these regional computer networks work the same , MIDnet is the only one that I have direct access to and so this file is writte n from a MIDnet point of view. For people who have access to the other regional networks of NSFnet, the only real differences depicted in this file that would not apply to the other regional networks are the universities that are served by MIDnet as opposed to: NYSERnet in New York State SURAnet in the southeastern United States SEQSUInet in Texas BARRnet in the San Francisco area MERIT in Michigan (There are others that are currently being constructed.) These regional networks all hook into the NSFnet backbone, which is a network that connects the six supercomputer centers. For example, a person at Kansas State University can connect with a supercomputer via MIDnet and the NSFnet backbone. That researcher can also send mail to colleagues at the University of Delaware by using MIDnet, NSFnet and SURAnet. Each university has its own local computer network which connects on-campus computers as well as providing a means to connecting to a regional network. Some universities are already connected to older networks such as CSnet, the ARPAnet and BITnet. In principal, any campus connected to any of these networks can access anyone else in any other network since there are gateways between the networks. Gateways are specialized computers that forward network traffic, thereby connecting networks. In practice, these wide-area networks use different networking technology which make it impossible to provide full functionality across the gateways. However, mail is almost universally supported across all gateways, so that a person at a BITnet site can send mail messages to a colleague at an ARPAnet site (or anywhere else for that matter). You should already be somewhat familiar with this, but if not refer to; "Limbo To Infinity" (Phrack Inc., Volume Two, Issue 24, File 3 of 13) and "Internet Domains" (Phrack Inc., Volume Three, Issue 26, File 8 of 11) Computer networks rely on hardware and software that allow computers to communicate. The language that enables network communication is called a protocol. There are many different protocols in use today. MIDnet uses the TCP/IP protocols, also known as the DOD (Department of Defense) Protocol Suite . Other networks that use TCP/IP include ARPAnet, CSnet and the NSFnet. In fact , all the regional networks that are linked to the NSFnet backbone are required to use TCP/IP. At the local campus level, TCP/IP is often used, although othe r protocols such as IBM's SNA and DEC's DECnet are common. In order to communicate with a computer via MIDnet and the NSFnet, a computer at a campus must use TCP/IP directly or use a gateway that will translate its protocols into TCP/IP. The Internet is a world-wide computer network that is the conglomeration of most of the large wide area networks, including ARPAnet, CSnet, NSFnet, and th e regionals, such as MIDnet. To a lesser degree, other networks such as BITnet that can send mail to hosts on these networks are included as part of the Internet. This huge network of networks, the Internet, as you have by now rea d all about in the pages of Phrack Inc., is a rapidly growing and very complex entity that allows sophisticated communication between scientists, students, government officials and others. Being a part of this community is both exciting and challenging. This chapter of the Future Transcendent Saga gives a general description of th e protocols and software used in MIDnet and the NSFNet. A discussion of several of the more commonly used networking tools is also included to enable you to make practical use of the network as soon as possible. The DOD Protocol Suite ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The DOD Protocol Suite includes many different protocols. Each protocol is a specification of how communication is to occur between computers. Computer hardware and software vendors use the protocol to create programs and sometime s specialized hardware in order to implement the network function intended by th e protocol. Different implementations of the same protocol exist for the varied hardware and operating systems found in a network. The three most commonly used network functions are: Mail -- Sending and receiving messages File Transfer -- Sending and receiving files Remote Login -- Logging into a distant computer Of these, mail is probably the most commonly used. In the TCP/IP world, there are three different protocols that realize these functions: SMTP -- (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) Mail FTP -- (File Transfer Protocol) sending and receiving files Telnet -- Remote login How to use these protocols is discussed in the next section. At first glance, it is not obvious why these three functions are the most common. After all, mail and file transfer seem to be the same thing. However, mail messages are not identical to files, since they are usually comprised of only ASCII characters and are sequential in structure. Files may contain binary data and have complicated, non-sequential structures. Also, mail messages can usually tolerate some errors in transmission whereas files should not contain any errors. Finally, file transfers usually occur in a secure setting (i.e. The users who are transferring files know each other's names and passwords and are permitted to transfer the file, whereas mail can be sent to anybody as long as their name is known). While mail and transfer accomplish the transfer of raw information from one computer to another, Telnet allows a distant user to process that information, either by logging in to a remote computer or by linking to another terminal. Telnet is most often used to remotely log in to a distant computer, but it is actually a general-purpose communications protocol. I have found it incredibl y useful over the last year. In some ways, it could be used for a great deal of access because you can directly connect to another computer anywhere that has TCP/IP capabilities, however please note that Telnet is *NOT* Telenet. There are other functions that some networks provide, including the following: - Name to address translation for networks, computers and people - The current time - Quote of the day or fortune - Printing on a remote printer, or use of any other remote peripheral - Submission of batch jobs for non-interactive execution - Dialogues and conferencing between multiple users - Remote procedure call (i.e. Distributing program execution over several remote computers) - Transmission of voice or video information Some of these functions are still in the experimental stages and require faste r computer networks than currently exist. In the future, new functions will undoubtedly be invented and existing ones improved. The DOD Protocol Suite is a layered network architecture, which means that network functions are performed by different programs that work independently and in harmony with each other. Not only are there different programs but there are different protocols. The protocols SMTP, FTP and Telnet are described above. Protocols have been defined for getting the current time, th e quote of the day, and for translating names. These protocols are called applications protocols because users directly interact with the programs that implement these protocols. The Transmission Control Protocol, TCP, is used by many of the application protocols. Users almost never interact with TCP directly. TCP establishes a reliable end-to-end connection between two processes on remote computers. Dat a is sent through a network in small chunks called packets to improve reliabilit y and performance. TCP ensures that packets arrive in order and without errors. If a packet does have errors, TCP requests that the packet be retransmitted. In turn, TCP calls upon IP, Internet Protocol, to move the data from one network to another. IP is still not the lowest layer of the architecture, since there is usually a "data link layer protocol" below it. This can be any of a number of different protocols, two very common ones being X.25 and Ethernet. FTP, Telnet and SMTP are called "application protocols", since they are directly used by applications programs that enable users to make use of the network. Network applications are the actual programs that implement these protocols and provide an interface between the user and the computer. An implementation of a network protocol is a program or package of programs that provides the desired network function such as file transfer. Since computers differ from vendor to vendor (e.g. IBM, DEC, CDC), each computer must have its own implementation of these protocols. However, the protocols are standardize d so that computers can interoperate over the network (i.e. Can understand and process each other's data). For example, a TCP packet generated by an IBM computer can be read and processed by a DEC computer. In many instances, network applications programs use the name of the protocol. For example, the program that transfers files may be called "FTP" and the program that allows remote logins may be called "Telnet." Sometimes these protocols are incorporated into larger packages, as is common with SMTP. Many computers have mail programs that allow users on the same computer to send mai l to each other. SMTP functions are often added to these mail programs so that users can also send and receive mail through a network. In such cases, there is no separate program called SMTP that the user can access, since the mail program provides the user interface to this network function. Specific implementation of network protocols, such as FTP, are tailored to the computer hardware and operating system on which they are used. Therefore, the exact user interface varies from one implementation to another. For example, the FTP protocol specifies a set of FTP commands which each FTP implementation must understand and process. However, these are usually placed at a low level , often invisible to the user, who is given a higher set of commands to use. These higher-level commands are not standardized so they may vary from one implementation of FTP to another. For some operating systems, not all of thes e commands make equal sense, such as "Change Directory," or may have different meanings. Therefore the specific user interface that the user sees will probably differ. This file describes a generic implementation of the standard TCP/IP applicatio n protocols. Users must consult local documentation for specifics at their sites. Names and Addresses In A Network ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In DOD Protocol Suite, each network is given a unique identifying number. Thi s number is assigned by a central authority, namely the Network Information Center run by SRI, abbreviated as SRI-NIC, in order to prevent more than one network from having the same network number. For example, the ARPAnet has network number 10 while MIDnet has a longer number, namely 128.242. Each host in a network has a unique identification so other hosts can specify them unambiguously. Host numbers are usually assigned by the organization tha t manages the network, rather than one central authority. Host numbers do not need to be unique throughout the whole Internet but two hosts on the same network need to have unique host numbers. The combination of the network number and the host number is called the IP address of the host and is specified as a 32-bit binary number. All IP addresses in the Internet are expressible as 32-bit numbers, although they are often written in dotted decimal notation. Dotted decimal notation breaks the 32-bit number into four eight-bit parts or octets and each octet is specified as a decimal number. For example, 00000001 is the binary octet that specifies the decimal number 1, while 11000000 specifies 192. Dotted decimal notation makes IP addresses much easier to read and remember. Computers in the Internet are also identified by hostnames, which are strings of characters, such as "phrackvax." However, IP packets must specify the 32-bit IP address instead of the hostname so some way to translating hostname s to IP addresses must exist. One way is to have a table of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses, called a hosttable. Nearly every TCP/IP implementation has such a hosttable, although the weaknesses of this method are forcing a shift to a new scheme called the domain name system. In UNIX systems, the hosttable is often called "/etc/hosts." You can usually read this file and find out what the IP addresses of various hosts are. Other systems may call this file by a different name and make it unavailable for public viewing. Users of computers are generally given accounts to which all charges for computer use are billed. Even if computer time is free at an installation, accounts are used to distinguish between the users and enforce file protections. The generic term "username" will be used in this file to refer t o the name by which the computer account is accessed. In the early days of the ARPAnet which was the first network to use the TCP/IP protocols, computer users were identified by their username, followed by a commercial "at" sign (@), followed by the hostname on which the account existed. Networks were not given names, per se, although the IP address specified a network number. For example, "knight@phrackvax" referred to user "knight" on host "phrackvax." This did not specify which network "phrackvax" was on, although that information could be obtained by examining the hosttable and the IP address fo r "phrackvax." (However, "phrackvax" is a ficticious hostname used for this presentation.) As time went on, every computer on the network had to have an entry in its hosttable for every other computer on the network. When several networks linked together to form the Internet, the problem of maintaining this central hosttable got out of hand. Therefore, the domain name scheme was introduced t o split up the hosttable and make it smaller and easier to maintain. In the new domain name scheme, users are still identified by their usernames, but hosts are now identified by their hostname and any and all domains of whic h they are a part. For example, the following address, "KNIGHT@UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU" specifies username "KNIGHT" on host "UMCVMB". However, host "UMCVMB" is a part of the domain "MISSOURI" " which is in turn part of the domain "EDU". There are other domains in "EDU", although only one is named "MISSOURI". In the domain "MISSOURI", there is only one host named "UMCVMB". However, other domains in "EDU" could theoretically have hosts named "UMCVMB" (although I would say that this is rather unlikely in this example). Thus the combination of hostname and all its domains makes it unique. The method of translating such names into IP addresses is no longer as straightforward as looking up the hostname in a table. Several protocols and specialized network software called nameservers and resolvers implement the domain name scheme. Not all TCP/IP implementations support domain names because it is rather new. In those cases, the local hosttable provides the only way to translate hostnames to IP addresses. The system manager of that computer will have to put an entry into the hosttable for every host that users may want to connect to. In some cases, users may consult the nameserver themselves to find out th e IP address for a given hostname and then use that IP address directly instead of a hostname. I have selected a few network hosts to demonstrate how a host system can be specified by both the hostname and host numerical address. Some of the nodes I have selected are also nodes on BITnet, perhaps even some of the others that I do not make a note of due a lack of omniscent awareness about each and every single host system in the world :-) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Numerical Hostname Location BITne t --------- -------- -------- ----- - 18.72.0.39 ATHENA.MIT.EDU (Mass. Institute of Technology) ? 26.0.0.73 SRI-NIC.ARPA (DDN Network Information Center) - 36.21.0.13 MACBETH.STANFORD.EDU (Stanford University) ? 36.21.0.60 PORTIA.STANFORD.EDU (Stanford University) ? 128.2.11.131 ANDREW.CMU.EDU (Carnegie Mellon University) ANDRE W 128.3.254.13 LBL.GOV (Lawrence Berkeley Labrotories) LB L 128.6.4.7 RUTGERS.RUTGERS.EDU (Rutgers University) ? 128.59.99.1 CUCARD.MED.COLUMBIA.EDU (Columbia University) ? 128.102.18.3 AMES.ARC.NASA.GOV (Ames Research Center [NASA]) - 128.103.1.1 HARVARD.EDU (Harvard University) HARVAR D 128.111.24.40 HUB.UCSB.EDU (Univ. Of Calif-Santa Barbara) ? 128.115.14.1 LLL-WINKEN.LLNL.GOV (Lawrence Livermore Labratories) - 128.143.2.7 UVAARPA.VIRGINIA.EDU (University of Virginia) ? 128.148.128.40 BROWNVM.BROWN.EDU (Brown University) BROW N 128.163.1.5 UKCC.UKY.EDU (University of Kentucky) UKC C 128.183.10.4 NSSDCA.GSFC.NASA.GOV (Goddard Space Flight Center [NASA]) - 128.186.4.18 RAI.CC.FSU.EDU (Florida State University) FS U 128.206.1.1 UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU (Univ. of Missouri-Columbia) UMCVM B 128.208.1.15 MAX.ACS.WASHINGTON.EDU (University of Washington) MA X 128.228.1.2 CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU (City University of New York) CUNYV M 129.10.1.6 NUHUB.ACS.NORTHEASTERN.EDU (Northeastern University) NUHU B 131.151.1.4 UMRVMA.UMR.EDU (University of Missouri-Rolla) UMRVM A 192.9.9.1 SUN.COM (Sun Microsystems, Inc.) - 192.33.18.30 VM1.NODAK.EDU (North Dakota State Univ.) NDSUVM 1 192.33.18.50 PLAINS.NODAK.EDU (North Dakota State Univ.) NDSUVA X Please Note: Not every system on BITnet has an IP address. Likewise, not every system that has an IP address is on BITnet. Also, while some locations like Stanford University may have nodes on BITnet and have hosts on the IP as well, this does not neccessarily imply that the systems on BITnet and on IP (the EDU domain in this case) are the same systems. Attempts to gain unauthorized access to systems on the Internet are not tolerated and is legally a federal offense. At some hosts, they take this very seriously, especially the government hosts such as NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, where they do not mind telling you so at the main prompt when you connect to their system. However, some nodes are public access to an extent. The DDN Network Information Center can be used by anyone. The server an d database there have proven to be an invaluable source of information when locating people, systems, and other information that is related to the Internet. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Telnet ~~~~~~ Remote login refers to logging in to a remote computer from a terminal connected to a local computer. Telnet is the standard protocol in the DOD Protocol Suite for accomplishing this. The "rlogin" program, provided with Berkeley UNIX systems and some other systems, also enables remote login. For purposes of discussion, the "local computer" is the computer to which your terminal is directly connected while the "remote computer" is the computer on the network to which you are communicating and to which your terminal is *NOT* directly connected. Since some computers use a different method of attaching terminals to computers, a better definition would be the following: The "local computer" i s the computer that you are currently using and the "remote computer" is the computer on the network with which you are or will be communicating. Note tha t the terms "host" and "computer" are synonymous in the following discussion. To use Telnet, simply enter the command: TELNET The prompt that Telnet gives is: Telnet> (However, you can specify where you want to Telnet to immediately and bypass the the prompts and other delays by issuing the command: TELNET [location].) There is help available by typing in ?. This prints a list of all the valid subcommands that Telnet provides with a one-line explanation. Telnet> ? To connect to to another computer, use the open subcommand to open a connectio n to that computer. For example, to connect to the host "UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU", do "open umcvmb.missouri.edu" Telnet will resolve (i.e. Translate, the hostname "umcvmb.missouri.edu" into a n IP address and will send a packet to that host requesting login. If the remot e host decides to let you attempt a login, it prompts you for your username and password. If the host does not respond, Telnet will "time out" (i.e. Wait for a reasonable amount of time such as 20 seconds) and then terminate with a message such as "Host not responding." If your computer does not have an entry for a remote host in its hosttable and it cannot resolve the name, you can use the IP address explicitly in the telne t command. For example, TELNET 26.0.0.73 (Note: This is the IP address for the DDN Network Informatio n Center [SRI-NIC.ARPA]) If you are successful in logging in, your terminal is connected to the remote host. For all intents and purposes, your terminal is directly hard-wired to that host and you should be able to do anything on your remote terminal that you can do at any local terminal. There are a few exceptions to this rule, however. Telnet provides a network escape character, such as CONTROL-T. You can find ou t what the escape character is by entering the "status" subcommand: Telnet> status You can change the escape character by entering the "escape" subcommand: Telnet> escape When you type in the escape character, the Telnet prompt returns to your scree n and you can enter subcommands. For example, to break the connection, which usually logs you off the remote host, enter the subcommand "quit": Telnet> quit Your Telnet connection usually breaks when you log off the remote host, so the "quit" subcommand is not usually used to log off. When you are logged in to a remote computer via Telnet, remember that there is a time delay between your local computer and the remote one. This often becomes apparent to users when scrolling a long file across the terminal scree n nd they wish to cancel the scrolling by typing CONTROL-C or something similar. After typing the special control character, the scrolling continues. The special control character takes a certain amount of time to reach the remote computer which is still scrolling information. Thus response from the remote computer will not likely be as quick as response from a local computer. Once you are remotely logged on, the computer you are logged on to effectively becomes your "local computer," even though your original "local computer" stil l considers you logged on. You can log on to a third computer which would then become your "local computer" and so on. As you log out of each session, your previous session becomes active again. File Transfer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FTP is the program that allows files to be sent from one computer to another. "FTP" stands for "File Transfer Protocol". When you start using FTP, a communications channel with another computer on th e network is opened. For example, to start using FTP and initiate a file transfer session with a computer on the network called "UMCVMB", you would issue the following subcommand: FTP UMCVMB.MISSOURI.EDU Host "UMCVMB" will prompt you for an account name and password. If your login is correct, FTP will tell you so, otherwise it will say "login incorrect." Tr y again or abort the FTP program. (This is usually done by typing a special control character such as CONTROL-C. The "program abort" character varies fro m system to system.) Next you will see the FTP prompt, which is: Ftp> There are a number of subcommands of FTP. The subcommand "?" will list these commands and a brief description of each one. You can initiate a file transfer in either direction with FTP, either from the remote host or to the remote host. The "get" subcommand initiates a file transfer from the remote host (i.e. Tells the remote computer to send the file to the local computer [the one on which you issued the "ftp" command]). Simpl y enter "get" and FTP will prompt you for the remote host's file name and the (new) local host's file name. Example: Ftp> get Remote file name? theirfile local file name? myfile ou can abbreviate this by typing both file names on the same line as the "get" subcommand. If you do not specify a local file name, the new local file will be called the same thing as the remote file. Valid FTP subcommands to get a file include the following: get theirfile myfile get doc.x25 The "put" subcommand works in a similar fashion and is used to send a file fro m the local computer to the remote computer. Enter the command "put" and FTP will prompt you for the local file name and then the remote file name. If the transfer cannot be done because the file doesn't exist or for some other reason, FTP will print an error message. There are a number of other subcommands in FTP that allow you to do many more things. Not all of these are standard so consult your local documentation or type a question mark at the FTP prompt. Some functions often built into FTP include the ability to look at files before getting or putting them, the ability to change directories, the ability to delete files on the remote computer, and the ability to list the directory on the remote host. An intriguing capability of many FTP implementations is "third party transfers." For example, if you are logged on computer A and you want to caus e computer B to send a file to computer C, you can use FTP to connect to compute r B and use the "rmtsend" command. Of course, you have to know usernames and passwords on all three computers, since FTP never allows you to peek into someone's directory and files unless you know their username and password. The "cd" subcommand changes your working directory on the remote host. The "lcd" subcommand changes the directory on the local host. For UNIX systems, the meaning of these subcommands is obvious. Other systems, especially those that do not have directory-structured file system, may not implement these commands or may implement them in a different manner. The "dir" and "ls" subcommands do the same thing, namely list the files in the working directory of of the remote host. The "list" subcommand shows the contents of a file without actually putting it into a file on the local computer. This would be helpful if you just wanted t o inspect a file. You could interrupt it before it reached the end of the file by typing CONTROL-C or some other special character. This is dependent on you r FTP implementation. The "delete" command can delete files on the remote host. You can also make and remove directories on the remote host with "mkdir" and "rmdir". The "status" subcommand will tell you if you are connected and with whom and what the state of all your options are. If you are transferring binary files or files with any non-printable characters, turn binary mode on by entering the "binary" subcommand: binary To resume non-binary transfers, enter the "ascii" subcommand. Transferring a number of files can be done easily by using "mput" (multiple put) and "mget" (multiple get). For example, to get every file in a particula r directory, first issue a "cd" command to change to that directory and then an "mget" command with an asterisk to indicate every file: cd somedirectory mget * When you are done, use the "close" subcommand to break the communications link . You will still be in FTP, so you must use the "bye" subcommand to exit FTP and return to the command level. The "quit" subcommand will close the connection and exit from FTP at the same time. Mail ~~~~ Mail is the simplest network facility to use in many ways. All you have to do is to create your message, which can be done with a file editor or on the spur of the moment, and then send it. Unlike FTP and Telnet, you do not need to know the password of the username on the remote computer. This is so because you cannot change or access the files of the remote user nor can you use their account to run programs. All you can do is to send a message. There is probably a program on your local computer which does mail between users on that computer. Such a program is called a mailer. This may or may not be the way to send or receive mail from other computers on the network, although integrated mailers are more and more common. UNIX mailers will be used as an example in this discussion. Note that the protocol which is used to send and receive mail over a TCP/IP network is called SMTP, the "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol." Typically, you will not use any program called SMTP, but rather your local mail program. UNIX mailers are usually used by invoking a program named "mail". To receive new mail, simply type "mail". There are several varieties of UNIX mailers in existence. Consult your local documentation for details. For example, the command "man mail" prints out the manual pages for the mail program on your computer. To send mail, you usually specify the address of the recipient on the mail command. For example: "mail knight@umcvmb.missouri.edu" will send the following message to username "knight" on host "umcvmb". You can usually type in your message one line at a time, pressing RETURN after each line and typing CONTROL-D to end the message. Other facilities to include already-existing files sometimes exist. For example, Berkeley UNIXes allow yo u to enter commands similar to the following to include a file in your current mail message: r myfile In this example, the contents of "myfile" are inserted into the message at thi s point. Most UNIX systems allow you to send a file through the mail by using input redirection. For example: mail knight@umcvmb.missouri.edu < myfile In this example, the contents of "myfile" are sent as a message to "knight" on "umcvmb." Note that in many UNIX systems the only distinction between mail bound for another user on the same computer and another user on a remote computer is simply the address specified. That is, there is no hostname for local recipients. Otherwise, mail functions in exactly the same way. This is commo n for integrated mail packages. The system knows whether to send the mail locally or through the network based on the address and the user is shielded from any other details. "The Quest For Knowledge Is Without End..." ______________________________________________________________________________ _ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 4 of 12 :.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: :.: :.: :.: NUA-List For Datex-P And X.25 Networks :.: :.: :.: :.: by Oberdaemon :.: :.: :.: :.: April 9, 2024 :.: :.: :.: :.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.:.: _____________________________________________________________________________ | | | Key: | | | | A = successfully connected | | B = sources say that it works | | C = officially closed | | D = disconnected/no circuit or permanently busy | | I = illegal address or invalid call | | O = out of order | | r = R-NUA | | T = time-out | | X = sources say that it should work but it doesn't (or is permanently | | busy) | | Y = barred (=?) | | Z = sources say that it should not work | | = including the following digits gives you another number | | n/a = not yet tested | | ? = error on a subsequent communication system | | | | Remark: I have also included some obviously misstyped NUAs which have been | | found in widely circulating lists. There are also numbers which do | | not form a valid NUA but a common prefix (e.g. 0202 2 Helpak). | | | | Format: Each NUA in this list consists of the following fields: | | | | cccc naa aaa aaa... oooo... ddd.... | | | | cccc is the country prefix (e.g. 0262 Germany). This prefix can be | | omitted when calling and called party have both the same prefix. | | naa are the first three digits of the address. n often specifies a | | certain network in that country. | | aaa aaa... are the other digits of the address. | | oooo... are some extra digits/letters which should be added after the | | NUA. The correct syntax depends on your PAD. This list uses any | | syntax - usually depending on the notation the author of the | | source used. The oooo... field is usually empty. | | ddd... is a short description of the service. | | | | If you find two NUAs who differ only in the number of trailing zeroes, but | | connect to the same service, you may safely throw away the longer one. | | | | !! Please note that most PADs don't accept spaces inside a NUA !! | |_____________________________________________________________________________ | 0200 GR Greece 0202 0202 2 Helpak (enkelriktad trafik) X 0202 452 241 24104 0204 NL Netherlands 0204 0 Datanet (1?) 0204 1 Datanet (1?) A 0204 129 001 3 ? (Netz ?) A 0204 129 001 4 X.25 A 0204 129 003 1 NONOBY A 0204 129 003 4 Searchline D 0204 129 004 33 SARA National Institute for High Energy Physics (NIKHEF) SARA network D 0204 129 004 34 NIKHEF National Institute for High Energy Physics (NIKHEF) SARA network D 0204 129 005 6 MCVAX MCVAX, HOLLAND A 0204 129 005 675 HARING MCVAX Line 2 0204 129 400 2 DUPHAR WEESP,HOLLAND A 0204 134 014 80500 Utrecht ? 0204 303 0 EPOIS EPO Den Haag 0204 304 0 DSAMISOOM SAMSON 0204 4 Dabas 0206 B Belgium 0206 2 DCS A 0206 210 300 003 Eigebib A 0206 222 100 6 BBDA Brussels DEC A A 0206 222 101 2 ? Ministry of economic affairs A 0206 222 102 6 celex A 0206 224 001 903 PRLB2 Belgium Unix Backbone 0206 3 Euronet A 0206 228 821 0 DGxiiiF 0208 F France 0208 0 TRANSPAC French Transpac A 0208 006 040 010 Telesystemes 1 A 0208 006 040 201 Telesystemes 2 A 0208 026 020 843 ? A 0208 034 020 036 CNUSC CNUSC (France) A 0208 034 020 258 CNUSC CNUSC Montpelier A 0208 038 020 100 CICG Grenoble A 0208 038 020 676 ILL VEGA VAX 8700 VMS 4.7 I 0208 044 001 645 ? A 0208 057 040 540 QSD (Chat system) I 0208 069 021 258 A 0208 075 000 087 IRCAM IRCAM-ERIK VAX 11/780 4.2 BSD I 0208 075 000 355 ? I 0208 075 001 281*D CCPN Computing Centre Nuclear Physics I 0208 075 002 314 GRF A 0208 075 020 655 LITP LITP Unix 4.3 BSD (France) A 0208 075 041 280 Pasteur MV8000 A 0208 078 020 118 INRIA INRIA, Rocquencourt (France) Multics B 0208 078 020 16901 INRIA Institute National de Recherche en Informatique 0208 078 081 67304 INRIAUU INRIA - UUCICO I 0208 091 000 270*DCISICISI3 IBM - TSO I 0208 091 000 309*DCISICISI1 IBM - TSO I 0208 091 000 519*DCISICISI2 IBM - TSO I 0208 091 010 320 CJRCE I 0208 091 040 047 SACLAY Saclay - France I 0208 091 040 532 Pascal A 0208 091 190 258 LURE, VAX 11/780 VMS 4.6, Synchrotron source (SES) 0208 1 NTI A 0208 101 TEXTFRA Text Generator, FRANCE 0214 E Spain 0214 1 SPAIN Spanish data network (NID/CTNE) 0214 5 Iberpac O 0214 521 202 5022 A 0214 521 302 1020 ETSITM (EANNET) VAX 11/750 VMS 4.5 0222 I Italy 0222 2 Itapac A 0222 262 002 1 ESAIRS1 ESA-QUEST, IRS 1 I 0222 262 002 2 ESAIRS2 ESA-IRS 2 O 0222 262 003 2 IASI VAX A 0222 262 004 3 VAXLNF (INFNET) VAX 8650 O 0222 263 200 4 NUA-Information ? A 0222 265 014 0 Techni-Link I 0222 306 3 Progetto-Sirio I 0222 306 700 European Space Agency I 0222 306 9*D CNUCE CNUCE I 0222 307 0 CILEA I 0222 307 1 CED Datenbanksysteme Rom I 0222 307 2*D RTC20 JRC I 0222 307 7*D QUESTD5 ESA ESA D 0222 307 8*D QUESTD5 ESA2 ESA 0228 CH Switzerland D 0228 310 1*DN DATASTAR Data-Star, Switzerland 0228 4 Telepac A 0228 462 110 0101 Cigy IBMA A 0228 462 110 0102 Cigy DEC1091 A 0228 462 110 09 EDP Basel A 0228 462 110 23 ? A 0228 462 110 34 ? A 0228 462 110 36 ? A 0228 462 110 52 DANZA'S 11/785 VMS 4.4 A 0228 462 110 61 PKK node RBPK00 A 0228 462 110 66 PROGNOS Basel (CIERR 1402) A 0228 462 110 70 ? A 0228 462 110 84 (CIERR 1402) Y 0228 462 170 02 INFOTEX PTT I 0228 464 109 06 GD PTT Schweiz (ring with CTRL G) A 0228 464 110 10 DM DATAMAIL (RSAG) A 0228 464 110 110 DSTAR2 Datastar (2nd. Line) A 0228 464 110 112 RSAG Z 0228 464 110 113 RSAG A 0228 464 110 115 DATASTAR Data-Star, Switzerland (Pharmadatenbank ?) A 0228 468 113 150 Management Joint Trust D 0228 468 114 05 CERN CERN (=CERNXX?) A 0228 468 114 0505 CS Group LAVC on node UXCOMS A 0228 468 114 0510 CER CERN, Geneva A 0228 468 114 0510 CERNVAX CERN X25 Multigate B 0228 468 114 0510*DLO CERNLO CERN 300 bps OUTDIAL (where ???) B 0228 468 114 0510*DME CERNME CERN 1200 bps OUTDIAL (where ???) B 0228 468 114 0510*DHI CERN ? A 0228 468 114 0514 4.2 BSD UNIX (Mint) A 0228 468 114 0515 Cern LS Group LAVC VXGIFT A 0228 468 114 0520 Cern A 0228 468 114 0532 Cern A 0228 468 114 0533 L3 test beam VAX-750 VXC3 A 0228 468 114 0534 UXINFN A 0228 468 114 0538 CS Group LAVC on node UXCOMS A 0228 468 114 054 Cern A 0228 468 114 0545 Cern A 0228 468 114 0551 VXCERN VMS 4.6 A 0228 468 114 0553 VXCERN VMS 4.6 A 0228 468 114 0556 VXCERN VMS 4.6 A 0228 468 114 0560 CERN VXNA31 A 0228 468 114 0561 CERN VXNA31 A 0228 468 114 0562 L3 VAX 11/750 VXC3MU A 0228 468 114 0572 ISOLDES VAX 11/750 A 0228 468 114 0574 ? (Operator) A 0228 468 114 0581 ? A 0228 468 114 0583 %Merit:X.25 (Merit Computer Network, see appendix) A 0228 468 114 0584 Develcon A 0228 468 114 0587 ? (Operator) A 0228 468 114 0588 ? (Operator) A 0228 468 114 0589 ? (Operator) A 0228 468 114 0592 Princeton University High Energy Physics Group Vax 11/750 A 0228 468 114 0593 University of Michigan Physics Vax 11/750 A 0228 468 114 0596 N.U. Physics Vax 11/750 A 0228 468 114 0597 Harvard University High Energy Physics Lab. Vax 8650 A 0228 468 114 0598 MIT-LNS*PIERRE A 0228 468 114 0599 DoD, Distributed Databases Coordination Center (JMILLER,X0TF3AP) D 0228 468 114 18 BIOGEN (=GODEL?) A 0228 468 114 23 EDCHUB:: A 0228 469 110 02 EPFL (something) A 0228 469 110 0202 EPFL HELP D 0228 469 110 0203 EPFL DE.VAX D 0228 469 110 0204 EPFL GC.VAX A 0228 469 110 0205 EPFL DP.VAX A 0228 469 110 0206 EPFL ME.VAX A 0228 469 110 0207 EPFL GR.VAX A 0228 469 110 0208 EPFL MA.VAX A 0228 469 110 0209 EPFL DI.VAX D 0228 469 110 0210 EPFL IMAC.PDP D 0228 469 110 0211 EPFL CGL.VAX D 0228 469 110 0212 EPFL DE.MVAX A 0228 469 110 0213 EPFL CC.VAX A 0228 469 110 03 EPFL Cyber 855 Ar0228 469 110 0301 EPFL Cyber A 0228 475 110 02 HSG St.Gallen Ar0228 479 104 00 Cern A 0228 479 110 23 I.P.Sharp (CA) X 0228 479 110 86 KOMETH (ETH ZH) A 0228 479 110 650 KOMETH (ETH ZH) I 0228 479 111 A 0228 479 111 06 GRS I 0228 479 111 086 I 0228 479 111 11 I 0228 479 111 18 ZEV-Mailbox Zuerich A 0228 479 111 750 ComNet (R-Nua) A 0228 479 311 49 KOMETH Output (ETH ZH) A 0228 499 111 02001 KOMETH (Entry Uni) 0228 9 Radio-Suisse 0232 A Austria 0232 2 Datex-P O 0232 242 210 91 ? 0232 242 211 42*DMAI Sysnet Wien (Gast,Gast) A 0232 252 310 000 Uni Wien 0232 9 Radio Austri A 0232 911 602 323 Inpadoc 0234 GB United Kingdom 0234 1 IPSS IPSS UK network A 0234 110 020 02018 BT DIALCOM GROUP (PRESTEL ?) 0234 2 PSS 0234 198 061 60 Queen Marry C. B 0234 207 920 002 SWVA 0234 211 920 100515 Hostess Doc. 0234 212 Dialnet O 0234 212 080 105 I 0234 212 080 110 EPSONUK Epson (UK) A 0234 212 300 120 DIALNET IGS Leased line to DIALOG in US A 0234 212 300 12011 DIALNET LRS-DIALOG 2 Dialog via London Ar0234 212 300 12013 DIALMRC LRS-Dialmail (Reverse Charging) A 0234 212 300 120*D@ DIALNET IGS Leased line to DIALOG in US A 0234 212 300 2920 GeoNet GEO2 B 0234 212 301 161 OPTEL 0234 212 301 186 GEOSYSTEMS 0234 212 301 187 CAP GROUP LTD. 0234 212 301 18722 CAP CAP Industry Ltd. 0234 212 301 281 ONE TO ONE COMMS O 0234 212 302 02192 PSSCLK PSS Clock B 0234 212 399 12013 DIALMAL Dialmail via London A 0234 212 900 115 STL STL : ACER (BSD UNIX 4.2) 0234 213 000 11 0234 213 000 151 COMPUTAS Computas Ltd 0234 213 000 1511 COMPUTAS LTD. D 0234 213 900 10150 ALVEY Alvey Mail and FTP. 0234 214 200 162 GLAXO Galaxo Industries 0234 214 400 12 CONTROL DATA LTD. 0234 215 000 11600 C3 0234 215 710 104 Consultans Ltd 0234 216 700 127 PFIZER Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12701 PFIZER1 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12702 PFIZER2 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12703 PFIZER3 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12704 PFIZER4 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12706 PFIZER6 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 218 801 00300 British Telecom Hotline 0234 2 PSS 0234 198 061 60 Queen Marry C. B 0234 207 920 002 SWVA 0234 211 920 100515 Hostess Doc. 0234 212 Dialnet O 0234 212 080 105 I 0234 212 080 110 EPSONUK Epson (UK) A 0234 212 300 120 DIALNET IGS Leased line to DIALOG in US A 0234 212 300 12011 DIALNET LRS-DIALOG 2 Dialog via London Ar0234 212 300 12013 DIALMRC LRS-Dialmail (Reverse Charging) A 0234 212 300 120*D@ DIALNET IGS Leased line to DIALOG in US A 0234 212 300 2920 GeoNet GEO2 B 0234 212 301 161 OPTEL 0234 212 301 186 GEOSYSTEMS 0234 212 301 187 CAP GROUP LTD. 0234 212 301 18722 CAP CAP Industry Ltd. 0234 212 301 281 ONE TO ONE COMMS O 0234 212 302 02192 PSSCLK PSS Clock B 0234 212 399 12013 DIALMAL Dialmail via London A 0234 212 900 115 STL STL : ACER (BSD UNIX 4.2) 0234 213 000 11 0234 213 000 151 COMPUTAS Computas Ltd 0234 213 000 1511 COMPUTAS LTD. D 0234 213 900 10150 ALVEY Alvey Mail and FTP. 0234 214 200 162 GLAXO Galaxo Industries 0234 214 400 12 CONTROL DATA LTD. 0234 215 000 11600 C3 0234 215 710 104 Consultans Ltd 0234 216 700 127 PFIZER Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12701 PFIZER1 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12702 PFIZER2 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12703 PFIZER3 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12704 PFIZER4 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 216 700 12706 PFIZER6 Pfizer, SANDWICH 0234 218 801 00300 British Telecom Hotline 0234 219 PSS-Network 0234 219 200 001 Network Monitoring Centre (NFS) 0234 219 200 002 Network Monitoring Centre (NFS) 0234 219 200 100 University of London Computing Centre 0234 219 200 10069 JANETGW PSS/JANET Gateway (ULCC) B 0234 219 200 101 Finsbury Data Service 0234 219 200 1082 BING COMPUTER SERVICES (EUROPE) LTD. A 0234 219 200 118 ADPUK ADP NETWORK SERVICES LTD. (=AUTONET?) 0234 219 200 118 atomic energy research establishment 0234 219 200 13370 QTLON Quantime A 0234 219 200 146 CEGB CEGB, Park Street, London B 0234 219 200 14869 ULCC Univ. London Computer Centre (=JANET2?) B 0234 219 200 14918 UCLMVAX UCL Microvax ARPA Gateway B 0234 219 200 14970 0234 219 200 154 UNILEVER COMPUTER SERVICES LTD. A 0234 219 200 171 LEXIS LEXIS A 0234 219 200 190 INFOLINE PERGAMON INFOLINE LTD. (NFS) A 0234 219 200 203 IPSH SHARP, I. P. ASSOCIATES LTD. A 0234 219 200 220 BRITISH LIBRARY ON-LINE SYSTEM A 0234 219 200 222 BLAISE British Library Information System 0234 219 200 297 RLFE & NOLAN COMPUTER SERVICES PLC B 0234 219 200 300 UCL University College London - Computer 0234 219 200 300 UCLFTP UCL (FTP) A 0234 219 200 300 UCLMAIL UCL (JNT Mail) 0234 219 200 304 University Computing Company (GB) Ltd. B 0234 219 200 333 EUCLID University College London Computer Centre 0234 219 200 394 CISI CISI (=SIANET?;=Computer Services, London?) 0234 219 200 871 Instrument Rentals (UK) Ltd. B 0234 219 201 002 POOLE 0234 219 201 004 BGOLD81 Telecom BT-GOLD System 81 0234 219 201 00472 BGOLD72 Telecom BT-GOLD System 72 0234 219 201 00474 BGOLD74 Telecom BT-GOLD System 74 0234 219 201 00479 BTGOLD Telecom BT-GOLD System 79 0234 219 201 00481 BTGOLDA Telecom BT-GOLD System 81 0234 219 201 00482 BTGOLD82 Telecom BT-GOLD System 82 0234 219 201 00484 BGOLD84 Telecom Gold System 84 0234 219 201 005 PSSMAIL PSS TELE-MAIL service B 0234 219 201 00513 DIANENQ Euronet DIANE Enquiry Service (=Echo,Rutherford?) B 0234 219 201 00513 EUROINFO Euronet Diane Information Service (=Echo,Rutherford?) A 0234 219 201 00515 BTDOC BT Online Documentation Service A 0234 219 201 00515 HOSTESS Hostess system (BT) 0234 219 201 00530 BAYNARD BT Protocol Study Centre (NFS) 0234 219 201 00615 PSSDOC PSS documentation service/X25 technical info on line 0234 219 201 00620 BTBILL BT Online Billing 0234 219 201 0100513 0234 219 201 01013 HOSTESS Hostess system (BT) (=PSS Switchstream 1 ?) T 0234 219 201 01030 TSTB British Telecom 0234 219 201 025 PRESTEL BT Prestel Service 0234 219 201 02517 0234 219 201 07800 0234 219 201 15600 ESA1 ESA-IRS via London 0234 219 201 18 ADPUK ADP Network Services Ltd 0234 219 210 050 BT Mailbox facility (NFS) 0234 219 511 31 GEC GEC Computers Borehamwood 0234 219 511 311 GECB GEC Computers Ltd. Borehamwood 0234 219 513 11 GECB GEC Computers Ltd. Borehamwood 0234 219 709 111 Modular Computer Services Ltd. (MODCOMP) ? 0234 219 709 111 NPL1 National Physical Laboratory 0234 219 709 210 NPL2 National Physical Laboratory, Protocol Std Group B 0234 219 806 160 QMC Queen Mary College London X 0234 220 200 1070 island-Adventure-Game X 0234 220 200 10700 island-Adventure-Game 0234 220 641 141 ESSX Essex, University of, Computing Service (2653,2653,Mist) A 0234 220 641 1411 MUD (Adventure Game), , or <2653,2653> B 0234 221 222 122 MIDB MIDNET Gateway at Birmingham (=MIDBHM) 0234 221 222 223 BIRP Prime R & D at Birmingham 0234 221 222 225 Freight Comp. Services 0234 222 236 163 CARDF Cardiff, University College 0234 222 236 16300 CARDIFF Univ. Coll. Cardiff Multics 0234 222 236 236 UWIST University of Wales 0234 222 300 16102 ACORN Acorn Computers 0234 222 339 399 CAMBRID Cambridge University (Phoenix) 0234 222 530 303 SWURCC South-West Universities 0234 222 530 30388 SWURCC South-West Universities Network 0234 222 530 30398 SWCFTP SWURCC (FTP) A 0234 222 715 151 KENT University of Kent X 0234 222 715 11 ? (---,Guest,Friend (call PIP)) 0234 223 440 TI Texas Instruments Ltd 0234 223 440 144 BED5 Prime R & D at Bedford (NFS) 0234 223 440 345 TI Texas Instruments Ltd 0234 223 500 10998 HLH High Level Hardware Ltd. B 0234 223 519 111 AERE Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell T 0234 223 519 11198 ADA ADA UK Database 0234 223 519 119169 JANET 0234 223 519 191 DLVAFTP Daresbury SRS VAX (FTP) A 0234 223 519 191 JANET Gateway to JANET at Rutherford 0234 223 519 191 OUCSFTP OUCS VAX (FTP) - Experimental 0234 223 519 191 REVSFTP ROE Starlink VAX (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 RLDAFTP Rutherford DCS 11/70 (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 RLGBFTP RL GEC (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 RLIBFTP RL IBM 370 CMS (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 RLPCFTP L Prime C (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 SERC Gateway to SERCNET at Rutherford 0234 223 519 191 SERCENQ SERCNET Acc & P/word Fac. 0234 223 519 191 SYPEFTP Surrey Prime 550 (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 UEAFTP East Anglia via SERC (FTP) 0234 223 519 191 ZUVSFTP UCL Starlink VAX (FTP) A 0234 223 519 19169 SERCNET R/ford XXX SERCnet g/way (=DARESBURY,=JANET?) ? 0234 223 519 19169,.10404000 Lancaster Uni B 0234 223 519 19169,.36 Oxford2 ? 0234 223 519 19169,49000001 B 0234 223 519 19169,.50200014 Oxford B 0234 223 519 19169,.CPVC Omega VAX A 0234 223 519 19169,.CPVD Merlin VAX B 0234 225 621 126 DECSS DEC Software Support VAX (=BEANO?) 0234 227 200 110 GEAC 8000 ITI 0234 227 200 112 HPLB HPLB (Hewlett Packard Labs, Bristol) 0234 227 230 230 BRST University of Bristol 0234 227 230 23000 BRISTOL University of Bristol 0234 227 230 231 DLLON Comp. & Manag. Services Ltd. 0234 227 230 301 GAC Computers Ltd. 0234 227 230 333 AVON Avon Universities Computer Centre 0234 227 230 33300 AUCC Avon Universities Computer Centre 0234 227 230 33398 AUCCFTP AUCC (FTP) B 0234 227 900 102 BLAISE British Library Information System 0234 227 900 10400 ESTELLE STC Estelle 0234 227 900 14302 ITT ITT Harlow (=ALCATEL?) 0234 231 300 101 PRIME Office, Edinburgh 0234 231 300 102 Forestry Commission FTP 0234 231 300 105 LATTLOG Lattice Logic LTD 0234 231 300 107 B 0234 231 354 354 ERCC Edinburgh Regional Computer Centre 0234 231 354 35419 BUSHFTP RCO 2988 (FTP) B 0234 231 354 35422 ERCC ERCC - 2980, 2972 (EMAS) (=RCONET?) 0234 232 500 124 EXIS EXIS I 0234 233 458 158 STAND St. Andrews University VAX B 0234 233 458 15898 STANFTP St. Andrews Univ. (FTP) 0234 234 417 117 ICL at Bracknell 0234 227 230 333 ? B 0234 239 232 323 EXETER1 Exeter University 0234 239 232 32304 EXTR University of Exeter 0234 241 200 107 0234 241 260 106 SCRSX University of Strathcylde PDP-11/44 (RSX) A 0234 241 260 10604 ? (,5020015,Birch/Bryan) 0234 241 260 260 GLSG University of Glasgow (NFS) B 0234 241 260 26004 Glasgow 0234 246 200 10243 ICL West Gorton 'B' Service 0234 246 200 10248 ICL West Gorton 'X' Service 0234 246 200 10277 ICL West Gorton Perq 0234 246 240 240 ICLL ICL at Letchworth (=Kidsgrove?) (NFS) 0234 247 300 103 MTIER Management Systems Ltd. 0234 247 300 10300 Bridge, Switch 0234 247 300 10340 Bridge, (VAX/VMS) 0234 247 300 10345 Bridge, (MUX(VT100)) 0234 247 300 10346 Bridge 0234 247 302 022 MHGA LDC at Martlesham 0234 248 300 106 DWENT-SDC Search Service 0234 248 321 321 DWENT-SDC Search Service B 0234 251 248 248 LIVE University of Liverpool 0234 252 724 241 BSL BL Systems Ltd. 0234 253 265 165 LEEDS University of Leeds (NFS) 0234 253 300 124 CAMTEC Camtec, Leicester 0234 253 300 12406 CAMTEC Camtec, Leicester (hard copy printer) 0234 258 200 106 ARC Agricultural Research Council (GEC - Switch) 0234 258 200 106 EMALFTP East Malling (FTP) 0234 258 200 106 RESFTP RES (Rothampstead) - FTP 0234 258 200 10604 AGRIFTP AGRINET (CPSE) FTP 0234 258 200 10604 AGRINET AGRINET Gateway 0234 258 200 10604 EASTMAL East Malling 0234 258 240 242 GECD GEC Computers Ltd at Dunstable 0234 258 240 24200 MRCA GEC - Marconi Research Centre B 0234 260 227 227 MIDN MIDNET Gateway at Nottingham (University Leicester?) (=MIDNOT?) B 0234 261 456 8383 Microlink B 0234 261 600 119 Manchester 0234 261 600 133 IBM - SALE (also FTP) B 0234 261 600 152 UMDAFL University of Manchester Dataflow VAX 0234 261 643 143 UMRCC University of Manchester Regional Computer Centre 0234 261 643 14398 UMRFTP UMRCC (FTP) 0234 261 643 210 SALF Salford University 0234 261 643 21090 SALFORD Salford -> GANNET 0234 261 643 21090 NRS NRS B 0234 261 643 343 FERRANTI Feranti Computer Systems 0234 261 643 365 ICLBRA 0234 261 643 36543 ICL West Gorton 'B' Service 0234 261 643 36548 ICL West Gorton 'X' Service 0234 261 643 36577 ICL West Gorton Perq (also FTP) 0234 262 500 484 Software Sciences Ltd. B 0234 262 800 151 CDM/EH (=Maidenhead?) 0234 262 800 43300 B 0234 263 259 159 NUMAC University of Newcastle 0234 264 200 136 Primenet B 0234 270 500 115 MAXXIM B 0234 270 500 142 Farenham T 0234 270 500 15 Uni Brighton (GUEST,WELCOME) 0234 270 712 217 HATF Hatfield Polytechnic 0234 273 417 171 DEC-RDG Digital Equipment Ltd Reading 0234 273 417 217 MODC Modcomp 0234 273 417 317 DECR DEC at Reading 0234 274 200 103 SHEFFIELD, University of, Dept.of Electronic & Elec... 0234 274 200 103*DCODUCODUS Codus 0234 274 253 385 DVY Computing Ltd. 0234 274 317 31 0234 275 300 102 GIS Ltd. 0234 275 312 212 BOC British Oxygen (=The World Reporter??) 0234 275 312 212 DATASOLVE as above 0234 275 312 212 EUROLEX British Oxygen Company 0234 275 317 173 Lynx Computers Ltd. 0234 275 317 177 TELEFILE Computer Services Ltd. 0234 275 317 177 GSI GSI (NFS) 0234 278 228 282 ICL Letchworth 0234 278 228 288 ICL Letchworth 0234 284 400 108 Culham, (VAX) 0234 284 400 123 ALVEY Alvey Electronic Mail B 0234 289 500 109 UXB 0234 290 468 168 YORK York University PSS Gateway B 0234 290 468 168 YORKFTP York University (FTP) 0234 290 468 168 Gateway To DEC-10 At York 0234 290 468 16804 YORKTS York TS29 Port 0234 290 524 242 RSRE Radio, Space Research Establishment 0234 290 524 24203 RSREDL RSRE 0234 290 524 24204 RSRESNK RSRE 0234 290 524 24250 RSREA Radio, Space Research Establishment for ALVEY mail 0234 290 840 111 POLIS SCION 0234 290 840 111 SCICON SCICON, South England 0234 292 549 149 DL SERC at Daresbury Laboratory 0234 293 212 212 DATASOLVE LTD. 0234 293 212 212 BOC British Oxygen Company (NFS) D 0234 293 765 ARTTEL British Library, Boston Spa 0234 293 765 265 British Library Lending Divi. 0234 299 212 221 NOLTON Nolton Communications Ltd. (NFS) 0234 3 Euronet 0234 307 813 EUROINFO Euronet Diane Information Service 0234 8 TELEX UK Telex network 0234 892 992 0 DECTELX I 0235 200 143 00165 0238 DK Denmark 0238 2 Datapak A 0238 241 592 400 Valby I/S Datacentralen A 0238 241 745 600 RECKU Univac in Copenhagen University 0238 241 745 60000 Recku Univac (Enter @@ENQ) 0238 241 745 60002 UDIKU A 0238 242 126 400 Lyngby DTB; I/S Datacentralen I 0238 389 3 Euronet Aarhus 0240 S Sweden I 0240 181 559 76 LIUIDA S Linkvping LiUIDA Teletex 0240 2 Datapak A 0240 200 002 05 Uppsala STUNS VAX/UNIX KULING I 0240 200 044 4 ENEA ENEA A 0240 200 100 110 Stockholm QZ/DEC-10 A 0240 200 100 120 Stockholm QZ/CD Cyber 730 O 0240 200 100 203 Uppsala, UU, Teknikum, NORD 100/500 A 0240 200 100 205 Uppsala, UU, Stuns, VAX 750 A 0240 200 100 206 Uppsala, UDAC/DECnet RTR18A O 0240 200 100 207 Uppsala, UDAC, Cyber 835 A 0240 200 100 228 Uppsala, UDAC/UPNET - Terminalnaet A 0240 200 100 232 Uppsala, UDAC, IBM/GUTS (BASF 7/68 ?) O 0240 200 100 28 Uppsala Upnet ? 0240 200 100 30 Umeaa VAX-750 Skogsh. Umeaa Univ A 0240 200 100 303 Umeaa, UMDAC/BIOVAX A 0240 200 100 304 Umeaa, Skogshoegskolan, VAX 750 A 0240 200 100 305 Umeaa, UMDAC/DECnet RTR09A, (Vax 11/750) A 0240 200 100 30520 Umeaa, UMDAC/BASUN A 0240 200 100 30540 Umeaa, UMDAC/UTB1 (Vax 11/780) A 0240 200 100 30550 Umeaa, UMDAC/UTB2 (Vax 11/750) A 0240 200 100 30570 Umeaa, UMDAC/OSTVAX (Vax 11/780, Hoegsk i Oe-sund) A 0240 200 100 307 Umeaa, UMDAC/Cyber 850 D 0240 200 100 312 Luleaa, Tekn hoegsk, NORD 100 D 0240 200 100 313 Luleaa, Tekn hoegsk, NORD 100 A 0240 200 100 328 Umeaa, UMDAC/NUNET - Terminalnaet D 0240 200 100 33 Umeaa VAX-11/780 A 0240 200 100 403 Linkoeping, ULi/LIUIDA, uVAX-I D 0240 200 100 404 Linkoeping, ULi/PDP 11/23 BULL A 0240 200 100 405 Linkoeping, LIDAC, VAX 11/780 VIKTOR A 0240 200 100 407 Linkoeping, LIDAC/DECnet RTR13A, uVAX-II D 0240 200 100 432 Linkoeping, LIDAC/TEXAS - Terminalnaet A 0240 200 100 7 Primenet A 0240 200 101 903 Stockholm, SU, Psykologi, Prime 750 A 0240 200 101 904 Stockholm, QZ IBM (Amdahl) A 0240 200 101 905 Stockholm, QZ, NFRVAX A 0240 200 101 907 Stockholm, QZ/DECnet RTR08A A 0240 200 101 914 Stockholm, SU, Fysik, Vax 780 D 0240 200 101 926 Stockholm, KTH/KTHNET - Terminalnaet A 0240 200 101 928 Stockholm, QZ/QZNET - Terminalnaet O 0240 200 102 06 Uppsala UDAC uVAX-II RTR18A O 0240 200 102 07 Uppsala CD Cyber 835 A 0240 200 102 7 Stockholm DEC-10/Janus A 0240 200 102 71 Stockholm DEC-10/Janus A 0240 200 201 603 Goeteborg, CTH, Infobeh, VAX 750, Unix D 0240 200 201 604 Goeteborg, GU, Pedagogiska inst, Prime 550 A 0240 200 201 605 Goeteborg, GU, Statistiska inst, Prime 550 D 0240 200 201 606 Goeteborg, CTH, Tillaempad Elektronik, VAX 750 A 0240 200 201 607 Goeteborg, Tillaempad Elektronik/DECnet RTR31A (RTR18A ?) A 0240 200 201 628 Goeteborg, GD/GUCNET - Terminalnaet D 0240 200 201 632 Goeteborg Upnod A 0240 200 205 4 SCB A 0240 200 278 0 Oerebro, Hoegskolan, Prime A 0240 200 292 6 Karlstad, Hoegskolan, VAX 11/780 D 0240 200 310 204 Lund, Fysikum, NORD 500, Lucas O 0240 200 310 206 Lund, Maxlab, NORD 100 A 0240 200 310 207 Lund, LDC/DECnet RTR46A, uVAX-II A 0240 200 310 20240 Lund, LDC/GEMINI, Vax 8350 A 0240 200 310 228 Lund, LDC/LUNET - Terminalnaet 0240 201 001 30 Stockholm QZ/Amdahl 0240 201 002 03 Uppsala Teknikum Nord 100/500 0240 5 SWEDEN Swedish data network (Telepak) I 0240 500 025 3 QZXB QZ by yet another route I 0240 500 025 7 Stockholm, DEC, VAX I 0240 501 50 Scannet, Goteborg I 0240 501 51 Scannet, Helsingfors I 0240 501 52 Stockholm KTH/TTDS I 0240 501 531 0 QZCOM QZ-COM - Stockholm University DEC-10 I 0240 501 532 0 QZCB QZ Cyber I 0240 501 533 0 QZIB QZ Amdahl I 0240 501 54 UPPS Uppsala network, Sweden I 0240 501 550 3 Gottenburg, Sweden I 0240 501 582 8 LUND Lund University I 0240 501 60 Helsinki CP9500 HYLK B7800 I 0240 502 00 Scannet, Stockholm I 0240 502 01 Denmark, Copenhagen Scannet I 0240 502 02 Tandem Computers I 0240 502 032 8 QZXA QZ Sweden via reverse PAD (=UPNET?) I 0240 502 032 832 Oden, Sweden I 0240 502 033 2 QZDA QZ DEC-10 Sweden I 0240 502 04 Prime Computers I 0240 502 05 Vaesteraas PAD ASEA Multics I 0240 502 52 KEMIDATA I 0240 502 53 QZXB QZ by yet another route 0240 515 330 Amdahl 0242 N Norway 0242 2 NORWAY Norwegian data network (Datapak/Norpak) 0242 192 010 1013 PSS DOC X 0242 211 000 00107 OSLO DEC-1099 DEC-net/PSI at Oslo University D 0242 211 000 001*D02 Oslo univ BRU-nett UNINETT D 0242 211 000 001*D03 OSLO DEC-10 at Oslo University D 0242 211 000 00100 Oslo univ DEC-1099 UNINETT D 0242 211 000 002 Oslo Scannet NSI Nord-100 D 0242 211 000 01018 DATAPIN DATAPAK Info - Norway B 0242 211 000 074 Oslo VAX T 0242 223 000 00151 RBK Cyber 170 at IFE (Energy Research Centre) T 0242 223 000 001*D00 RBK Cyber 170 at IFE, Kjeller RBK UNINETT D 0242 223 000 002 Kjeller FFI UNINETT D 0242 245 000 00101 BERGEN Univac at Bergen University (UNINETT) D 0242 245 000 001*D00 BERGEN Univac at Bergen University A 0242 245 013 4 BBB Mailbox (Bergen By Byte) 0242 253 000 001*D11 Trondheim UNINETT RUNIT UNIVAC T 0242 253 000 00101 RNI Univac at Trondheim University X 0242 253 000 00103 Trondheim RUNIT UNINETT VAX-780 (=PUNIT (EANNET) ?) T 0242 253 000 00104 Trondheim NLHT UNINETT VAX-750 0242 265 000 001*D00 Tromso UNINETT U of Tromso, Cyber 171 0242 253 000 001*D11 RUNIT Univac at Trondheim University 0242 265 000 001*D81 Tromso UNINETT U of Tromso, NORD-10 0242 265 000 001*D82 Tromso UNINETT U of Tromso, NORD-100 0242 265 000 001*D83 Tromso UNINETT U of Tromso, NORD-500 0242 265 000 00101 TROMSOE Cyber 170 at Tromsoe University (UNINETT) 0242 265 000 001*D81 TROMSO ELAN at Tromsoe University X 0242 265 000 106 PORTACOM (PORTACOM) 0244 SF Finland 0244 2 Datapak (Finpak) A 0244 202 006 Economics HP 3000 A 0244 202 007 University of Helsinki, B7800 (=CANDE ?) A 0244 202 008 VTKK (Staten DC) IBM 360 A 0244 202 012 U o Helsinki Mopo Mikko3 A 0244 203 008 HELVA High Energy Physics Vax 11/750 A 0244 203 017 U of Technology DEC-20 D 0244 231 006 Technical University of Tampere VAX A 0244 253 001 Tech U of Lappeenranta VAX/VMS A 0244 261 001 U of Vaasa VAX/VMS A 0244 273 002 University of Joensuu VAX D 0248 321 321 DWENT-SDC Search Service 0262 D Germany 0262 3 Euronet X 0262 307 4 INFAS 0262 4 GERMANY German data network (Datex-P) I 0262 428 462 10706 I 0262 428 479 11065 D 0262 432 210 43002 Apple Ar0262 432 210 93001 Quick-Com Y 0262 442 010 49132 O 0262 442 110 40325 OKI Y 0262 442 110 49130 PAD Frankfurt Y 0262 442 110 49133 Y 0262 442 110 49230 I 0262 442 151 40327 KIS (info) I 0262 442 210 49331 A 0262 442 210 90371 elma-mailbox (~pim) Y 0262 442 210 99632 O 0262 442 310 40312 Bibliothek Chemie I 0262 442 310 90306 Chemie I 0262 442 410 40341 RMI RMI Mailbox Aachen I 0262 442 433 40307 CMES O 0262 442 461 40343 Y 0262 443 000 49234 A 0262 443 000 90314 ? Y 0262 443 000 99131 I 0262 444 000 90314 CCC Hamburg (Clinch), Hackerbox (1 line...) Y 0262 444 000 90330 Allgemeine Bank der Niederlande O 0262 444 000 90342 Batig Beteiligungen GmbH A 0262 444 000 90374 Master Control System (MCS) Hamburg Y 0262 444 000 99132 Y 0262 444 441 40317 Osnabrueck, Driverstr.24, 2848 Vechta I 0262 445 110 30317 Metereologie I 0262 445 110 90323 Bibliothek I 0262 446 154 40371 DECATES - Oberramstadt Y 0262 446 210 49330 Y 0262 446 810 49131 Y 0262 446 810 49132 O 0262 446 900 30331 IBD Online Frankfurt a.M. I 0262 446 900 40318 Chemie Y 0262 446 900 49231 Y 0262 446 900 49232 I 0262 446 900 90286 RZ Y 0262 446 900 99133 O 0262 447 071 10303 Organische Chem. Y 0262 447 110 49134 I 0262 447 114 9236 Emery I 0262 447 127 90344 Y 0262 447 310 40313 Online-Literaturdok. A 0262 447 531 40310 Chemie I 0262 448 136 Luma Uni O 0262 448 136 90323 Genesys EDV-Systeme Y 0262 448 210 49630 A 0262 448 900 30368 Phoenix Y 0262 448 900 49130 A 0262 448 900 90313 Max Planck Institut Y 0262 448 900 90341 LMU Bibliothek Y 0262 448 900 99632 I 0262 449 310 90312 Apel Hans-Joerg I 0262 452 000 21721 ??? I 0262 450 000 90184 I 0262 451 104 2301 O 0262 452 010 40116 AEG-Telefunken I 0262 452 010 40179 RZ Uni Essen I 0262 452 020 40120 Apotheke Dr.Schiemes I 0262 452 080 40381 DVO Datenverarbeitung I 0262 452 090 832 ? I 0262 452 101 30030 3M Mailbox I 0262 452 101 40030 3M Mailbox I 0262 452 110 40001 RZU Duesseldorf (ND100) I 0262 452 110 40005 CIERR 1402 I 0262 452 110 40016 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. I 0262 452 110 40018 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. Ar0262 452 110 40026 Primenet Stadt Duesseldorf, I 0262 452 110 40063 ADAC I 0262 452 110 40080 Uni Duesseldorf Dr0262 452 110 40099 D 0262 452 110 40105 RZU Duesseldorf (Siemens 7.570) D 0262 452 110 40123 Data General Ar0262 452 110 40130 Dr0262 452 110 40132 A 0262 452 110 40134 MCKDU VM/SP I 0262 452 110 40211 Applid-Data-Research I 0262 452 110 40325 OKI-GmbH I 0262 452 110 90371 Software-Express I 0262 452 210 0 Yr0262 452 210 40002 DIMDI Fep 1 Koeln Ar0262 452 210 40004 Primenet (MicroVMS V4.5) A 0262 452 210 40006 DIMDI Fep 2 Koeln (Medical docs) I 0262 452 210 40015 Kaufhof AG I 0262 452 210 40027 ADAC Ar0262 452 210 40035 Primenet A 0262 452 210 40104 DIMDI1 (German Med. Inst., Koeln) Yr0262 452 210 40119 O 0262 452 210 40136 AEG-Telefunken I 0262 452 210 40202 Allianz RZ I 0262 452 210 40203 Allianz RZ I 0262 452 210 90265 RZ Uni Koeln I 0262 452 210 90304 Allianz RZ I 0262 452 210 90305 Allianz RZ I 0262 452 210 90349 Kaufhof AG (RZ 2) D 0262 452 210 90510 Geophysik und Meteorologie Ir0262 452 210 93001 ? A 0262 452 241 24104 VAX A 0262 452 241 24105 GMD2 A 0262 452 241 24134 GMDZI A 0262 452 280 40082 GMD (TSO) A 0262 452 280 40187 BNVA Bonn VAX (PI) Ar0262 452 280 40191 Infas GmbH (VM) D 0262 452 280 90020 Amtsgericht A 0262 452 310 40003 EMX1 EMEX-Mailbox (Guest) I 0262 452 310 40017 Primenet O 0262 452 310 40103 AEG-Telefunken A 0262 452 310 42100 Informatik A 0262 452 310 42144 UNIDO University of Dortmund I 0262 452 310 40017 Primenet I 0262 452 310 45100 Uni Dortmund (Siemens 7.760) A 0262 452 310 9304 Dortmund D 0262 452 340 40140 Primenet = RZU Bochum (CDL 855) ?? A 0262 452 340 40194 RUB Cyber 205 (=855?), Ruhr University - Bochum (RUB) D 0262 452 410 40149 Aachener + Muenchener Versicherung I 0262 452 410 90014 ??? I 0262 452 410 90528 rmi-aachen A 0262 452 410 90832 RMI Datentechnik Aachen I 0262 452 433 40307 OPTEL (Ruehlemann-Box) I 0262 452 461 90509 Kfz Juelich A 0262 452 710 40240 Uni Siegen, FB Physik (VAX 11/750) D 0262 452 931 40196 Handwerkskammer (HWK) Arnsberg I 0262 453 000 0414 GFC-AG D 0262 453 000 20244 Vax D 0262 453 000 217 HMI HMI in Berlin A 0262 453 000 21711 Siemens A 0262 453 000 21712 Siemens A 0262 453 000 21713 Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin D 0262 453 000 21714 ??? D 0262 453 000 40013 Uni Berlin Y 0262 453 000 40014 GFC AG Ar0262 453 000 40023 BERLIN Tech. Univ. Berlin (Computer Science) I 0262 453 000 40027 ADAC I 0262 453 000 40112 ABC Barkredit Bank I 0262 453 000 40166 David Verlag I 0262 453 000 40509 COM-Box Berlin A 0262 453 000 20245 CN01 A 0262 453 000 43109 netmbx, Berlin A 0262 453 000 90055 COM.BOX, Berlin A 0262 453 000 90864 ? (GUEST) I 0262 453 002 17 HMI Hans Mietner Institute in Berlin I 0262 453 004 0023 Uni Berlin I 0262 453 210 40017 tymnet-gateway I 0262 454 000 30029 A 0262 454 000 30035 (immediately drops the line) A 0262 454 000 30041 COM-PLETE (?) (command prefix is '*') A 0262 454 000 30046 (immediately drops the line) O 0262 454 000 30071 A 0262 454 000 30090 (cierr 1402) A 0262 454 000 30104 ? ("INVALID COMMAND SYNTAX") A 0262 454 000 30105 A 0262 454 000 30110 Host A 0262 454 000 30113 (cierr 1402) A 0262 454 000 30138 ? (no reaction) D 0262 454 000 30150 D 0262 454 000 30158 A 0262 454 000 30175 ? ("INVALID COMMAND SYNTAX") D 0262 454 000 30187 E2000 Hamburg VAX O 0262 454 000 30201 Hasylab VAX (user/user) A 0262 454 000 30202 HERA Magnet Measurement VAX 750 (=Krista Cryogenics Control ?) A 0262 454 000 30215 ? ("INVALID COMMAND SYNTAX") D 0262 454 000 30259 D 0262 454 000 30261 A 0262 454 000 30296 DFH2001I A 0262 454 000 30502 I 0262 454 000 30519 A 0262 454 000 30566 DFH2001I O 0262 454 000 30578 Primenet 20.0.4 DREHH I 0262 454 000 40014 Hahn Egon RZ !! Code: EBCDIC !! I 0262 454 000 40015 ??? Y 0262 454 000 40042 ??? D 0262 454 000 40044 Primenet MUF I 0262 454 000 40053 SCHERAX Y 0262 454 000 40078 ??? A 0262 454 000 40082 ? (no reaction) I 0262 454 000 40103 Airbus I 0262 454 000 40109 ??? I 0262 454 000 40111 BADGER D 0262 454 000 40198 Argus IPP-Vax I 0262 454 000 43100 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. A 0262 454 000 50233 Altos Hamburg (althh) (Gast) I 0262 454 000 8001 DYVA MARK J VAX at DESY I 0262 454 000 90047 AEG-Telefunken A 0262 454 000 90092 Data-General A 0262 454 000 90184 Uni Hamburg (VAX) (=UKE?) I 0262 454 000 90194 Verbraucherbank AG O 0262 454 000 90241 ??? I 0262 454 000 90258 Desy ( Vax ) I 0262 454 000 90558 Philips VAX D 0262 454 000 90560 EMBLHH EMBL VAX at Hamburg (Eur.Molecular Biol.Lab.) I 0262 454 000 905602 ??? A 0262 454 000 90582 Desy V.24 Switch A 0262 454 000 91110 Deutsche Mailbox 1 A 0262 454 000 91120 Deutsche Mailbox 2 A 0262 454 000 92210 DESYNET A 0262 454 000 9306 DYVA MARK J VAX at DESY D 0262 454 103 90161 Astra Chemicals GmbH 0262 454 106 40206 RCA A 0262 454 210 40064 COMTES O 0262 454 210 40108 AEG-Telefunken I 0262 454 210 40145 AEG-Telefunken Y 0262 454 210 40244 AEG-Telefunken O 0262 454 210 42001 Bremen I 0262 454 210 90302 Computerland VAX O 0262 454 298 43070 Infex 2 I 0262 454 310 40545 Kiel IMF A 0262 454 410 30033 Uni Oldenburg I 0262 454 421 40045 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. I 0262 454 488 40147 Essmann Getraenke GmbH I 0262 455 110 40081 Airbus I 0262 455 110 40171 Alli-Frischdienst A 0262 455 110 42330 Uni Hannover (VM/370) A 0262 455 110 43020 Nachrichtentechnik (VAX) I 0262 455 110 701 Uni Hannover A 0262 455 110 90192 ??? A 0262 455 110 90835 CosmoNet (GAST) A 0262 455 110 92200 RZ D 0262 455 151 40212 AEG-Telefunken I 0262 455 152 90154 Oldenburger Volksbank I 0262 455 210 40562 Uni Bielefeld (CGK/TR440) I 0262 455 251 90192 Paderborn D 0262 455 251 90193 Paderborn A 0262 455 251 93020 Uni Paderborn (4.3 BSD UNIX) D 0262 455 362 90057 IUM I 0262 455 410 40086 Alli-Frischdienst I 0262 455 410 40162 RZ I 0262 455 410 40560 Bibliothek I 0262 455 421 043050 ORION A 0262 455 510 32804 Uni Goettingen (choose VAX or IBM) I 0262 455 521 90172 Spar & Darlehenskassen I 0262 455 818 104 Anders Frido GmbH I 0262 455 910 40094 Essmann Getraenke GmbH I 0262 455 931 40095 Ruhr AG I 0262 456 061 40097 Polydress Plastic GmbH I 0262 456 102 4301 DEC Frankfurt I 0262 456 102 90145 Nadler-Werke GmbH I 0262 456 103 40332 Amann KG I 0262 456 104 0250 Tymnet A 0262 456 106 40254 Alfa Service Partner (Primenet) I 0262 456 106 90119 Alfa Service Partner I 0262 456 110 40009 IBM Centre for Info and Doc, Germany I 0262 456 110 40037 Control Data (Test.-Serv.C4,ZZA201,CDC) I 0262 456 110 40076 Autonet I 0262 456 110 40105 Nixdorf Computer I 0262 456 110 40106 Nixdorf Computer I 0262 456 110 40107 CN01 I 0262 456 110 40187 WAX Bank FRA I 0262 456 110 40240 City-Bank FFM (Uni Bochum ??) I 0262 456 110 40245 ?? I 0262 456 110 40250 Tymnet (Id=Information) I 0262 456 110 40303 American Express I 0262 456 110 40305 American Express I 0262 456 110 40311 AMC I 0262 456 110 40365 AMP I 0262 456 110 90211 Nixdorf Computer I 0262 456 110 90212 Nixdorf Computer I 0262 456 110 90322 American Express I 0262 456 110 90347 American Express I 0262 456 121 40207 ADV-Orga-Meyer & Co. I 0262 456 121 40217 BKA I 0262 456 121 40225 BKA I 0262 456 121 90580 BKA I 0262 456 131 40138 Uni Mainz RZ I 0262 456 131 40545 RZ Y 0262 456 131 90031 Allg.Kreditversicherung Y 0262 456 151 40282 ??? A 0262 456 151 40516 Uni Darmstadt (Siemens 7.xxx) A 0262 456 151 40547 GSI Darmstadt (EMMA-VAX 8600) A 0262 456 151 42807 GMD Darmstadt (CADMUS 9240) I 0262 456 172 90070 A-Kredit I 0262 456 193 40082 Apotheken Marketing D 0262 456 196 40095 Data General Schwalbach A 0262 456 196 40107 Int.Doc.Chem. A 0262 456 210 40000 Telebox der DBP (ID INF100,Telebox) A 0262 456 210 40014 ACF/VTAM A 0262 456 210 40025 Oeva A 0262 456 210 40026 HOST D 0262 456 210 40027 BASF/FER.VAX 8600 I 0262 456 210 40097 Nadler-Werke GmbH I 0262 456 210 40217 Primenet I 0262 456 210 40324 Abacus D 0262 456 210 40508 VCON0.BASF.A6 A 0262 456 210 40516 CN01 A 0262 456 210 40532 A 0262 456 210 40580 DYNAPAC MULTI-PAD.25 A 0262 456 210 40581 DYNAPAC MULTI-PAD.25 A 0262 456 210 40582 A 0262 456 210 90000 Telebox der DBP I 0262 456 221 3002 EMBL European Microbiology Lab (or European Molecular Biological Lab.) (=ALKOR?) D 0262 456 221 40201 DKFZ (Heidelberg) I 0262 456 221 40244 Franny (=Max Planck VAX=MPI?) I 0262 456 310 40252 I 0262 456 310 421 D 0262 456 310 424 I 0262 456 310 4302 I 0262 456 340 40136 Nadler-Werke GmbH A 0262 456 410 30021 HRZ-Giessen I 0262 456 410 40142 Aachener + Muenchener Versicherung A 0262 456 410 90040 HRZ Giessen (CDCNET-X.25) I 0262 456 410 90828 Ernaehrungswissenschaften I 0262 456 441 90335 Leerwe GmbH I 0262 456 615 142804 GMD, Darmstadt A 0262 456 673 13330 Geonet 1 (ex IMCA) A 0262 456 673 13340 Geonet 3 I 0262 456 673 30070 IMCA-Mailbox, Solmser Str. 16, D-6419 Haunetal-Staerklos I 0262 456 721 40305 Alfa Metalcraft Corp. I 0262 456 810 40010 Teleprint Saarbrueckener Zeitung I 0262 456 810 40071 Nadler-Werke GmbH I 0262 456 810 40076 SAARBRU Univ of Saarbruecken (Saarland RZ) A 0262 456 900 10174 Beilstein Gmelin RZ (COMDOS ?) O 0262 456 900 10552 FIZ-Technik O 0262 456 900 30040 Nixdorf Computer A 0262 456 900 40076 Autonet D 0262 456 900 40106 Nixdorf I 0262 456 900 40505 AEG-Telefunken 0262 456 900 40506 AEG-Telefunken A 0262 456 900 90125 I 0262 456 900 90506 Nixdorf I 0262 456 900 9308 SYNTAX I 0262 457 010 40025 ? A 0262 457 071 40266 Zentrum fuer Datenverarbeitung 0262 457 071 40529 Zentrale Verw. 0262 457 071 90182 ADW-Wirtschaftsberatung D 0262 457 071 90249 Bibliothek D 0262 457 110 10023 Hohenheim Bibliothek D 0262 457 110 211 Rechenzentrum Dr0262 457 110 40028 Dr0262 457 110 40035 Primenet !! No CTRL-P clr !! B 0262 457 110 40124 Stahl EDV-Service 0262 457 110 40129 Allg.Rentenanstalt 0262 457 110 40147 MAHU Verlag D 0262 457 110 90059 Bibliothek 0262 457 110 90103 Data General 0262 457 110 90246 Hohenheim DokumentationsSt. D 0262 457 110 90316 RMI-Net 0262 457 110 90557 Stahl EDV-Service A 0262 457 110 90593 Unix, Informatik (ifistg) 0262 457 141 90098 Aigner Buchhandlung X 0262 457 210 40002 V750 Br0262 457 210 40025 Badenia 0262 457 210 40031 IITB-Datenverarbeitung D 0262 457 210 40135 Fraunhofer Institut C 0262 457 210 40189 Uni Karlsruhe, RZ (until 10-APR-88) X 0262 457 210 40248 Uni Karlsruhe, LINK (=NETONE?) A 0262 457 210 42100 Uni Karlsruhe, IRAV2 (VAX 8200) A 0262 457 210 42140 Uni Karlsruhe, RZ (since 11-APR-88) D 0262 457 210 4303 Telematik A 0262 457 247 40001 INKA FIZ-Chemie 2 (German Centre for Tech.?) A 0262 457 247 40141 INKA FIZ-Chemie 1 A 0262 457 247 40211 CASGER STN Internat. Karlsruhe D 0262 457 310 90269 RZ Bereich OE 0262 457 310 921 RZ 0262 457 351 40032 AFD-Arbeitsgruppe F.DV A 0262 457 531 90008 Informationswissenschaften D 0262 457 531 90094 RZ 0262 457 552 90320 Alno-Moebel D 0262 457 610 300 Uni Freiburg, 9600bps D 0262 457 610 370 Uni Freiburg, Sperry Univac D 0262 457 610 40079 Albert Ludwig, Uni-Bibliothek 0262 457 610 40166 AEG-Telefunken 0262 457 610 40306 Alpha-Buch GmbH B 0262 457 610 420 Uni Freiburg, 4800bps B 0262 457 610 480 Uni Freiburg, Sperry Univac X 0262 457 610 520 Uni Freiburg, Uni Bibliothek 0262 457 641 40265 Anders Ernst 0262 457 721 40071 Kienzle Computer 0262 457 721 40072 Kienzle Computer 0262 457 721 40171 Kienzle Computer 0262 457 721 90004 Kienzle Computer 0262 457 721 90226 Kienzle Computer 0262 457 810 40222 Dietrich Georg GmbH B 0262 458 151 40114 Kejo GmbH (Josef Keller) D 0262 458 210 40114 Bibliothek 0262 458 210 40120 NCR 0262 458 510 30236 Passau RZ D 0262 458 710 40171 Transfer Data Test GmbH 0310 600 021 0 Procter and Gamble 0310 600 022 6 Anistics 0310 600 022 6 Interactive Market Systems (Anistics) 0310 600 023 2 Scientific Timesharing 0310 600 024 2 Timesharing Resources 0310 600 025 2 Computer Science Corporation 0310 600 025 5 Timesharing Associates 0310 600 027 6 Management Decision Systems Inc 0310 600 028 8 SRI 0310 600 028 8 SRI San Francisco (UNIX) 0310 600 028 8 Stanford Research Institute (SRI) 0310 600 030 3 Scientific Timesharing 0310 600 030 7 Infomedia Corporation 0310 600 032 3 TRW Defence & Space Systems Group 0310 600 040 1 TMCS Public Network 0310 600 043 2 Interactive Market Systems 0310 600 046 6 Bibliographic Retrieval Services B 0310 600 058 1 BRS 0310 600 063 3 Public TYMNET/TRWNET Interlink 0310 600 079 3 J&J Host B 0310 600 105 3 0310 600 133 0 MULTICS, HVN 862-3642 0310 600 140 0 TMCS Public Network B 0310 600 150 9 Orbit (SDC) B 0310 600 157 878 BIX D 0310 600 165 9 BYTE Information Exchange (GUEST,GUEST) A 0310 600 166 3 People Link 0310 600 181 9 TMCS Public Network 0310 600 182 8 FRX Faifax Outdial Host (Tymnet) 0310 600 186 4 SUNGARDS Central Computer Facility Networks 0310 600 189 2 Primenet (certain hours) B 0310 600 195 2 VAX B 0310 600 197 6 Outdial NY A 0310 600 197 7 0310 600 209 5 COMODEX Online System 0310 600 209 8 D & B 0310 600 209 9 D & B 0310 600 210 0 D & B 0310 600 210 9 TYMNET/15B (inter-link) B 0310 600 220 7,OUT Outdial 0310 600 228 6 Primenet TFGI 0310 600 229 9 CONSILIUM 0310 600 232 901*D MFE Magnetic Fusion Energy Centre, Lawrence Livermore B 0310 600 236 1 Denver Oil&Gas 0310 600 241 Bank Of America 0310 600 245 3 Primenet B 0310 600 254 5 SEISMO Centre for Seismic Studies B 0310 600 255 Outdial NY A 0310 600 262 3 VAX/VMS (GUEST ???) B 0310 600 262 3003 VTINET B 0310 600 262 460 SUMEX B 0310 600 263 5 QUOTRON Wall Street (Boerse n.y.) B 0310 600 266 400 SLAC SLAC on Tymnet B 0310 600 267 7 The New York Times 0310 600 269 4 PVM3101,SPDS/MTAM, MLCM,VM/SP,STRATUS-1, STRATUS-2 0310 600 279 0 VM/370 0310 600 286 4 RCA Semicustom B 0310 600 302 70000 VTI NETONE 0310 600 307 9 VM/370 0310 600 309 2 TYMNET/Protected Access Service Sys. Inter-link 0310 600 316 8 VM/370 0310 600 321 4 VM/370 0310 600 322 0 VM/370 0310 600 322 1 VM/370 0310 600 357 2 NORTH AMERICA DATA CENTRE 0310 600 360 4 VM/370 0310 600 404 1 RCA GLOBCOM'S PACKET SWITCHING SERICE A 0310 600 412 9 ? A 0310 600 413 1 ? 0310 600 413 7 TSO, VM/370 0310 600 416 300 Oakridge, Tennessee 0310 600 417 4 VM/370 0310 600 420 6 MAINSTREAMS 0310 600 423 500 Oakridge, Tennessee B 0310 600 430 5 BIOVAX 0310 600 434 1 (Host) 2 - VM/370, T - VM/370,1,3,4,A,C,E,Z A 0310 600 436 5 Toxnet (NLM=National Lib. of Medicine's) B 0310 600 455 5 VAX 0310 600 459 97 0310 600 474 3 TYMNET Info Service X 0310 600 502 0 Outdial Fairfax 0310 600 522 9 Uni.of Pencilvania School of Arts and Science 0310 600 526 7 CHANEL 01 X 0310 600 531 7 Outdial St.Louis B 0310 600 532 0 DEC Soft. Serv. 0310 600 556 9 STRATUS/32 0310 600 557 1 STRATUS/32 0310 600 560 3 (Host) systems 1,2,3,4,5,C (5=Outdial) B 0310 600 562 200 FNAL Fermilab B 0310 600 562 226 Fermilab 2 B 0310 600 578 78 BIX B 0310 600 584 401 Washington Post B 0310 600 61 DIALOG1 Lockheed Info Systems 0310 600 61*DSDDIPSSL ORBIT2 SDC Search Service 0310 600 628 1 EDCS 0310 600 628 3 EDCS 0310 600 643 2 EASYLINK 0310 600 643 4 EASYLINK 0310 600 672 2 International Network 0310 600 68 Stanford SUMEX-AIM. Tenex op syst. 0310 600 683 2 A&A DATANET (Systems 1,8,0,14) X 0310 600 701 7 Outdial NY 0310 600 759 6 (Host) A - VM/370, B - VM/370 ? 0310 600 787 Dallas 0310 601 79 Berkley Univ. 0310 602 88 Stanford Research Institute B 0310 611 467 Cas Online Sys. 0310 614 67 Ohio CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) 0310 617 001 38 Multics 0310 647 911 065 BIX Lexington Data Service 0310 690 006 1*D DIALOG4 Lockheed DIALOG service B 0310 690 080 3*D DIALOG3 Lockheed DIALOG service 0310 690 762 6 Emery ADO 0311 0 TELENET USA - Telenet B 0311 002 130 0039 ECLD 0311 020 100 02000 Insco Systems 0311 020 100 022 New Jersey Outdial 2400 bps (Area 201) 0311 020 100 02300 American Information Services 0311 020 100 02400 The Information Bank 0311 020 100 02500 New Jersey Institute of Technology 0311 020 100 02800 Olcott International Company 0311 020 100 03700 Informatics Inc 0311 020 100 169 MOUTON 0311 020 100 301 New Jersey Outdial 1200 bps (Area 201) 0311 020 101 59200 Scientific Process & Research Inc 0311 020 200 02100 Scientific Timesharing 0311 020 200 02200 Scientific Timesharing X 0311 020 200 066 Air Force T 0311 020 200 099 ICIB Information Council Incorporated B system 0311 020 200 1 TELEMAIL US Telemail facility X 0311 020 200 10900 CIS Chemical Information Systems A 0311 020 200 115 Outdial 300 bps (Area 202) A 0311 020 200 116 Outdial 1200 bps (Area 202) 0311 020 200 117 Distr. of Columbia Outdial 2400 bps (Area 202) B 0311 020 200 141 TELEMAIL US Telemail facility (GT-Net) 0311 020 200 14175 TELEENQ Telenet Enquiry Service 0311 020 200 14175 TELEMAIL1 US Telemail facility 0311 020 200 14275 TELENET US Telenet 0311 020 201 19500 Gallaude College Computer Centre 0311 020 300 06400 NCSS Bureau 0311 020 300 130 Connecticut Outdial 1200 bps (Area 203) 0311 020 301 78900 Yale University Computer Centre 0311 020 400 02900 WATERLO University of Waterloo 0311 020 600 019 Washington Outdial 1200 bps (Area 206) 0311 021 200 02000 Bowne Timesharing 0311 021 200 02500 Interactive Market Systems (Anistics) 0311 021 200 02800 Burroughs Corp (NYC data centre) 0311 021 200 141 JPLM1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory mail 1, USA 0311 021 200 142 JPLM2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory mail 2, USA 0311 021 200 14200 GT-Net Telemail A 0311 021 200 315 Outdial 300 bps (Area 212) A 0311 021 200 316 Outdial 1200 bps (Area 212) D 0311 021 200 412 Outdial 2400 bps (Area 212) D 0311 021 200 41200 New York City Outdial (Area 212) 0311 021 201 39200 Memorial Dose Distribution Computation Service 0311 021 201 40600 MAV Systems (300 bps) 0311 021 201 57800 IP Sharp Associates 0311 021 201 58000 SDL International (1200 bps) 0311 021 201 58500 SDL International (300 bps) 0311 021 201 58800 DSL Systems Inc 0311 021 201 59500 SDL International (1200 bps) 0311 021 201 62000 Telestat System Inc 0311 021 201 62700 Telestat Systems Inc 0311 021 300 02200 Interactive Systems Corporation 0311 021 300 02700 Mellonics Information Centre 0311 021 300 029 TRW Defence & Space Systems Group B 0311 021 300 03300 ORBIT Orbit 0311 021 300 03300*D ORBIT SDC Search Service (300 bps) 0311 021 300 04400 SDC Search Service (1200 bps) B 0311 021 300 039 USCAL2 Univ. of Southern California 0311 021 300 04114 IHW IHW 0311 021 300 04700 University of Southern California B 0311 021 300 048 USCAL1 University of Southern California B 0311 021 300 170 LRS Dialog 2 T 0311 021 300 17000 DIALOG5 Lockheed Info Systems 0311 021 300 17000*D DIALOG2 Lockheed DIALOG service B 0311 021 300 219 CALTECH Caltech VAX 11/780 0311 021 300 21908 CALTECH Caltech VAX 11/780 0311 021 300 21909 CALTECH2 Caltech VAX 11/780 0311 021 300 412 California Outdial 1200 bps (Area 213) A 0311 021 300 413 Outdial CA 0311 021 300 668 Adainfo 0311 021 301 353 UCLA UCLA, USA 0311 021 301 40300 Marshall & Swift Publication 0311 021 400 117 Outdial 300 bps (Area 214) A 0311 021 400 118 Texas Outdial 1200 bps (Area 214) 0311 021 500 022 Pennsylvania Outdial 2400 bps (Area 215) 0311 021 500 112 Pennsylvania Outdial 1200 bps (Area 215) A 0311 021 600 020 Outdial 300 bps (Area 216) A 0311 021 600 021 Ohio Outdial 1200 bps (Area 216) 0311 021 700 021 University of Illinois - Urbana 0311 030 100 02000 NLM National Library of Medicine A 0311 030 100 02400 The Source B 0311 030 100 038 The Source (ID BSC131 SR3811) B 0311 030 100 243 ITT Dialcom 0311 030 100 364 Primesoft A 0311 030 100 38 The Source B 0311 030 100 633 Toxnet (NLM) 0311 030 101 26500 Informatics Inc 0311 030 300 02000 Computer Sharing Services 0311 030 300 021 Colorado Outdial 2400 bps (Area 303) 0311 030 300 02300 Broker Services Inc 0311 030 300 115 Colorado Outdial 1200 bps (Area 303) 0311 030 301 13100 EDI Computer Services 0311 030 301 13200 EDI Computer Services 0311 030 301 13300 Energy Enterprises 0311 030 500 121 Florida Outdial 1200 bps (Area 305) 0311 030 501 16300 Florida Computer Inc D 0311 030 508 793 Miami Outdial (Area 305) ? 0311 031 200 02200 National Computer Network of Chicago 0311 031 200 024 Illinois Outdial 2400 bps (Area 217 ?) 0311 031 200 03100 Continental Bank 0311 031 200 03200 Continental Bank 0311 031 200 04900 American Hospital Supply Corporation 0311 031 200 411 Illinois Outdial 1200 bps (Area 217 ?) 0311 031 201 07300 Commodity Information Services 0311 031 268 801 ADPUSA ADP Network Services Ltd. 0311 031 300 024 Michigan Outdial 2400 bps (Area 313) 0311 031 300 04000 ADP Network Services 0311 031 300 06200 Merit International (MIT) 0311 031 300 216 Michigan Outdial 1200 bps (Area 313) 0311 031 301 39800 Merit Computer 0311 031 400 07200 Environmental DataNetwork Inc. 0311 031 401 06500 McDonnel Douglas Automation (300 bps) 0311 031 401 06600 McDonnel Douglas Automation (110 bps) 0311 031 401 06700 McDonnel Douglas Automation (1200 bps) 0311 031 401 61000 McDonnel Douglas Automation (300 bps) 0311 031 500 02000 Bibliographic Retrieval Services A 0311 040 100 612 Modemcity A 0311 040 400 114 Georgia Outdial 1200 bps (Area 404) A 0311 040 800 021 California Outdial 1200 bps? (Area 408) 0311 040 800 245 Bridge B 0311 040 800 246 SCF 0311 041 201 4600 On-Line Systems Inc 0311 041 400 02000 A.O. Smith Data Systems Divisions 0311 041 400 021 Wisconsin Outdial 1200 bps (Area 414) B 0311 041 500 020 LRS-Dialog 2 A 0311 041 500 02000 DIALOG Lockheed Information Systems 0311 041 500 02000*D DIALOG Lockheed DIALOG service B 0311 041 500 048 LRS Dialog 2 0311 041 500 04800 DIALOG2 Lockheed Information Systems 2 0311 041 500 04800*D DIALOG1 Lockheed DIALOG service 0311 041 500 117 California Outdial 1200 bps (Area 415) I 0311 041 500 210 Outdial USA A 0311 041 500 215 Outdial (Area 415) A 0311 041 500 217 Outdial (Area 415) A 0311 041 500 220 Outdial 1200 bps (Area 415) 0311 041 500 48000 Lockheed Information Systems (?) B 0311 041 500 607 BIONET B 0311 041 500 609 INTELLIGENETICS 0311 041 501 23600 Hydrocomp Inc (300 bps) 0311 041 501 23700 Hydrocomp Inc (1200 bps) 0311 041 501 26800 ITEL Corp (300 bps) 0311 041 501 26900 ITEL Corp (1200 bps) 0311 041 501 59700 Stanford Library Centre for Inform Processing 0311 041 501 59700 Standard Centre for Information Processing O 0311 050 006 1 Nuclear Research A 0311 050 300 020 Outdial 300 bps (Area 503) A 0311 050 300 021 Oregon Outdial 1200 bps (Area 503) B 0311 050 500 060 ICN (=LASL) 0310 600 021 0 Procter and Gamble 0310 600 022 6 Anistics 0310 600 022 6 Interactive Market Systems (Anistics) 0310 600 023 2 Scientific Timesharing 0310 600 024 2 Timesharing Resources 0310 600 025 2 Computer Science Corporation 0310 600 025 5 Timesharing Associates 0310 600 027 6 Management Decision Systems Inc 0310 600 028 8 SRI 0310 600 028 8 SRI San Francisco (UNIX) 0310 600 028 8 Stanford Research Institute (SRI) 0310 600 030 3 Scientific Timesharing 0310 600 030 7 Infomedia Corporation 0310 600 032 3 TRW Defence & Space Systems Group 0310 600 040 1 TMCS Public Network 0310 600 043 2 Interactive Market Systems 0310 600 046 6 Bibliographic Retrieval Services B 0310 600 058 1 BRS 0310 600 063 3 Public TYMNET/TRWNET Interlink 0310 600 079 3 J&J Host B 0310 600 105 3 0310 600 133 0 MULTICS, HVN 862-3642 0310 600 140 0 TMCS Public Network B 0310 600 150 9 Orbit (SDC) B 0310 600 157 878 BIX D 0310 600 165 9 BYTE Information Exchange (GUEST,GUEST) A 0310 600 166 3 People Link 0310 600 181 9 TMCS Public Network 0310 600 182 8 FRX Faifax Outdial Host (Tymnet) 0310 600 186 4 SUNGARDS Central Computer Facility Networks 0310 600 189 2 Primenet (certain hours) B 0310 600 195 2 VAX B 0310 600 197 6 Outdial NY A 0310 600 197 7 0310 600 209 5 COMODEX Online System 0310 600 209 8 D & B 0310 600 209 9 D & B 0310 600 210 0 D & B 0310 600 210 9 TYMNET/15B (inter-link) B 0310 600 220 7,OUT Outdial 0310 600 228 6 Primenet TFGI 0310 600 229 9 CONSILIUM 0310 600 232 901*D MFE Magnetic Fusion Energy Centre, Lawrence Livermore B 0310 600 236 1 Denver Oil&Gas 0310 600 241 Bank Of America 0310 600 245 3 Primenet B 0310 600 254 5 SEISMO Centre for Seismic Studies B 0310 600 255 Outdial NY A 0310 600 262 3 VAX/VMS (GUEST ???) B 0310 600 262 3003 VTINET B 0310 600 262 460 SUMEX B 0310 600 263 5 QUOTRON Wall Street (Boerse n.y.) B 0310 600 266 400 SLAC SLAC on Tymnet B 0310 600 267 7 The New York Times 0310 600 269 4 PVM3101,SPDS/MTAM, MLCM,VM/SP,STRATUS-1, STRATUS-2 0310 600 279 0 VM/370 0310 600 286 4 RCA Semicustom B 0310 600 302 70000 VTI NETONE 0310 600 307 9 VM/370 0310 600 309 2 TYMNET/Protected Access Service Sys. Inter-link 0310 600 316 8 VM/370 0310 600 321 4 VM/370 0310 600 322 0 VM/370 0310 600 322 1 VM/370 0310 600 357 2 NORTH AMERICA DATA CENTRE 0310 600 360 4 VM/370 0310 600 404 1 RCA GLOBCOM'S PACKET SWITCHING SERICE A 0310 600 412 9 ? A 0310 600 413 1 ? 0310 600 413 7 TSO, VM/370 0310 600 416 300 Oakridge, Tennessee 0310 600 417 4 VM/370 0310 600 420 6 MAINSTREAMS 0310 600 423 500 Oakridge, Tennessee B 0310 600 430 5 BIOVAX 0310 600 434 1 (Host) 2 - VM/370, T - VM/370,1,3,4,A,C,E,Z A 0310 600 436 5 Toxnet (NLM=National Lib. of Medicine's) B 0310 600 455 5 VAX 0310 600 459 97 0310 600 474 3 TYMNET Info Service X 0310 600 502 0 Outdial Fairfax 0310 600 522 9 Uni.of Pencilvania School of Arts and Science 0310 600 526 7 CHANEL 01 X 0310 600 531 7 Outdial St.Louis B 0310 600 532 0 DEC Soft. Serv. 0310 600 556 9 STRATUS/32 0310 600 557 1 STRATUS/32 0310 600 560 3 (Host) systems 1,2,3,4,5,C (5=Outdial) B 0310 600 562 200 FNAL Fermilab B 0310 600 562 226 Fermilab 2 B 0310 600 578 78 BIX B 0310 600 584 401 Washington Post B 0310 600 61 DIALOG1 Lockheed Info Systems 0310 600 61*DSDDIPSSL ORBIT2 SDC Search Service 0310 600 628 1 EDCS 0310 600 628 3 EDCS 0310 600 643 2 EASYLINK 0310 600 643 4 EASYLINK 0310 600 672 2 International Network 0310 600 68 Stanford SUMEX-AIM. Tenex op syst. 0310 600 683 2 A&A DATANET (Systems 1,8,0,14) X 0310 600 701 7 Outdial NY 0310 600 759 6 (Host) A - VM/370, B - VM/370 ? 0310 600 787 Dallas 0310 601 79 Berkley Univ. 0310 602 88 Stanford Research Institute B 0310 611 467 Cas Online Sys. 0310 614 67 Ohio CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) 0310 617 001 38 Multics 0310 647 911 065 BIX Lexington Data Service 0310 690 006 1*D DIALOG4 Lockheed DIALOG service B 0310 690 080 3*D DIALOG3 Lockheed DIALOG service 0310 690 762 6 Emery ADO 0311 0 TELENET USA - Telenet B 0311 002 130 0039 ECLD 0311 020 100 02000 Insco Systems 0311 020 100 022 New Jersey Outdial 2400 bps (Area 201) 0311 020 100 02300 American Information Services 0311 020 100 02400 The Information Bank 0311 020 100 02500 New Jersey Institute of Technology 0311 020 100 02800 Olcott International Company 0311 020 100 03700 Informatics Inc 0311 020 100 169 MOUTON 0311 020 100 301 New Jersey Outdial 1200 bps (Area 201) 0311 020 101 59200 Scientific Process & Research Inc 0311 020 200 02100 Scientific Timesharing 0311 020 200 02200 Scientific Timesharing X 0311 020 200 066 Air Force T 0311 020 200 099 ICIB Information Council Incorporated B system 0311 020 200 1 TELEMAIL US Telemail facility X 0311 020 200 10900 CIS Chemical Information Systems A 0311 020 200 115 Outdial 300 bps (Area 202) A 0311 020 200 116 Outdial 1200 bps (Area 202) 0311 020 200 117 Distr. of Columbia Outdial 2400 bps (Area 202) B 0311 020 200 141 TELEMAIL US Telemail facility (GT-Net) 0311 020 200 14175 TELEENQ Telenet Enquiry Service 0311 020 200 14175 TELEMAIL1 US Telemail facility 0311 020 200 14275 TELENET US Telenet 0311 020 201 19500 Gallaude College Computer Centre 0311 020 300 06400 NCSS Bureau 0311 020 300 130 Connecticut Outdial 1200 bps (Area 203) 0311 020 301 78900 Yale University Computer Centre 0311 020 400 02900 WATERLO University of Waterloo 0311 020 600 019 Washington Outdial 1200 bps (Area 206) 0311 021 200 02000 Bowne Timesharing 0311 021 200 02500 Interactive Market Systems (Anistics) 0311 021 200 02800 Burroughs Corp (NYC data centre) 0311 021 200 141 JPLM1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory mail 1, USA 0311 021 200 142 JPLM2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory mail 2, USA 0311 021 200 14200 GT-Net Telemail A 0311 021 200 315 Outdial 300 bps (Area 212) A 0311 021 200 316 Outdial 1200 bps (Area 212) D 0311 021 200 412 Outdial 2400 bps (Area 212) D 0311 021 200 41200 New York City Outdial (Area 212) 0311 021 201 39200 Memorial Dose Distribution Computation Service 0311 021 201 40600 MAV Systems (300 bps) 0311 021 201 57800 IP Sharp Associates 0311 021 201 58000 SDL International (1200 bps) 0311 021 201 58500 SDL International (300 bps) 0311 021 201 58800 DSL Systems Inc 0311 021 201 59500 SDL International (1200 bps) 0311 021 201 62000 Telestat System Inc 0311 021 201 62700 Telestat Systems Inc 0311 021 300 02200 Interactive Systems Corporation 0311 021 300 02700 Mellonics Information Centre 0311 021 300 029 TRW Defence & Space Systems Group B 0311 021 300 03300 ORBIT Orbit 0311 021 300 03300*D ORBIT SDC Search Service (300 bps) 0311 021 300 04400 SDC Search Service (1200 bps) B 0311 021 300 039 USCAL2 Univ. of Southern California 0311 021 300 04114 IHW IHW 0311 021 300 04700 University of Southern California B 0311 021 300 048 USCAL1 University of Southern California B 0311 021 300 170 LRS Dialog 2 T 0311 021 300 17000 DIALOG5 Lockheed Info Systems 0311 021 300 17000*D DIALOG2 Lockheed DIALOG service B 0311 021 300 219 CALTECH Caltech VAX 11/780 0311 021 300 21908 CALTECH Caltech VAX 11/780 0311 021 300 21909 CALTECH2 Caltech VAX 11/780 0311 021 300 412 California Outdial 1200 bps (Area 213) A 0311 021 300 413 Outdial CA 0311 021 300 668 Adainfo 0311 021 301 353 UCLA UCLA, USA 0311 021 301 40300 Marshall & Swift Publication 0311 021 400 117 Outdial 300 bps (Area 214) A 0311 021 400 118 Texas Outdial 1200 bps (Area 214) 0311 021 500 022 Pennsylvania Outdial 2400 bps (Area 215) 0311 021 500 112 Pennsylvania Outdial 1200 bps (Area 215) A 0311 021 600 020 Outdial 300 bps (Area 216) A 0311 021 600 021 Ohio Outdial 1200 bps (Area 216) 0311 021 700 021 University of Illinois - Urbana 0311 030 100 02000 NLM National Library of Medicine A 0311 030 100 02400 The Source B 0311 030 100 038 The Source (ID BSC131 SR3811) B 0311 030 100 243 ITT Dialcom 0311 030 100 364 Primesoft A 0311 030 100 38 The Source B 0311 030 100 633 Toxnet (NLM) 0311 030 101 26500 Informatics Inc 0311 030 300 02000 Computer Sharing Services 0311 030 300 021 Colorado Outdial 2400 bps (Area 303) 0311 030 300 02300 Broker Services Inc 0311 030 300 115 Colorado Outdial 1200 bps (Area 303) 0311 030 301 13100 EDI Computer Services 0311 030 301 13200 EDI Computer Services 0311 030 301 13300 Energy Enterprises 0311 030 500 121 Florida Outdial 1200 bps (Area 305) 0311 030 501 16300 Florida Computer Inc D 0311 030 508 793 Miami Outdial (Area 305) ? 0311 031 200 02200 National Computer Network of Chicago 0311 031 200 024 Illinois Outdial 2400 bps (Area 217 ?) 0311 031 200 03100 Continental Bank 0311 031 200 03200 Continental Bank 0311 031 200 04900 American Hospital Supply Corporation 0311 031 200 411 Illinois Outdial 1200 bps (Area 217 ?) 0311 031 201 07300 Commodity Information Services 0311 031 268 801 ADPUSA ADP Network Services Ltd. 0311 031 300 024 Michigan Outdial 2400 bps (Area 313) 0311 031 300 04000 ADP Network Services 0311 031 300 06200 Merit International (MIT) 0311 031 300 216 Michigan Outdial 1200 bps (Area 313) 0311 031 301 39800 Merit Computer 0311 031 400 07200 Environmental DataNetwork Inc. 0311 031 401 06500 McDonnel Douglas Automation (300 bps) 0311 031 401 06600 McDonnel Douglas Automation (110 bps) 0311 031 401 06700 McDonnel Douglas Automation (1200 bps) 0311 031 401 61000 McDonnel Douglas Automation (300 bps) 0311 031 500 02000 Bibliographic Retrieval Services A 0311 040 100 612 Modemcity A 0311 040 400 114 Georgia Outdial 1200 bps (Area 404) A 0311 040 800 021 California Outdial 1200 bps? (Area 408) 0311 040 800 245 Bridge B 0311 040 800 246 SCF 0311 041 201 4600 On-Line Systems Inc 0311 041 400 02000 A.O. Smith Data Systems Divisions 0311 041 400 021 Wisconsin Outdial 1200 bps (Area 414) B 0311 041 500 020 LRS-Dialog 2 A 0311 041 500 02000 DIALOG Lockheed Information Systems 0311 041 500 02000*D DIALOG Lockheed DIALOG service B 0311 041 500 048 LRS Dialog 2 0311 041 500 04800 DIALOG2 Lockheed Information Systems 2 0311 041 500 04800*D DIALOG1 Lockheed DIALOG service 0311 041 500 117 California Outdial 1200 bps (Area 415) I 0311 041 500 210 Outdial USA A 0311 041 500 215 Outdial (Area 415) A 0311 041 500 217 Outdial (Area 415) A 0311 041 500 220 Outdial 1200 bps (Area 415) 0311 041 500 48000 Lockheed Information Systems (?) B 0311 041 500 607 BIONET B 0311 041 500 609 INTELLIGENETICS 0311 041 501 23600 Hydrocomp Inc (300 bps) 0311 041 501 23700 Hydrocomp Inc (1200 bps) 0311 041 501 26800 ITEL Corp (300 bps) 0311 041 501 26900 ITEL Corp (1200 bps) 0311 041 501 59700 Stanford Library Centre for Inform Processing 0311 041 501 59700 Standard Centre for Information Processing O 0311 050 006 1 Nuclear Research A 0311 050 300 020 Outdial 300 bps (Area 503) A 0311 050 300 021 Oregon Outdial 1200 bps (Area 503) B 0311 050 500 060 ICN (=LASL) B 0311 051 300 03000 Mead Data Central 0311 051 501 39600 State University of New York 0311 051 600 02200 Timesharing Resources D 0311 060 200 020 Outdial 300 bps (Area 602) D 0311 060 200 021 Outdial 1200 bps (Area 602) B 0311 060 200 150 Phoenix 0311 060 201 60900 Timesharing Associates B 0311 060 300 020 Dartmouth College 0311 060 300 02000 DARTMTH Dartmouth College, USA 0311 060 300 05000 Corporate Timesharing 0311 060 301 54700 Raytheon Company Scientific Computer Service X 0311 060 700 02000 CORNELL0 Cornell University (134.5 bps) T 0311 060 700 02100 CORNELL1 Cornell University (300 bps) T 0311 060 700 02200 CORNELL2 Cornell University (1200 bps) 0311 060 700 02300 CORNELL3 Cornell University (1200 bps) 0311 060 700 03600 TIPO Computer 0311 060 702 00 CORNELL2 Cornell University 0311 060 702 00 CORNELL2 Cornell University 0311 060 800 02500 University of Wisconsin 0311 060 801 6630 University of Wisconsin 0311 060 900 4200 Dow-Jones 0311 061 200 02500 Honeywell Inform Services Datanetwork 0311 061 200 02700 Honeywell Inform Services Datanetwork 0311 061 200 121 Minnesota Outdial 1200 bps (Area 612) 0311 061 201 06500 Honeywell Inform Services Datanetwork, 300 bps 0311 061 201 06500 Honeywell Inform Services Datanetwork 0311 061 201 06600 Honeywell Inform Services Datanetwork, 110 bps 0311 061 201 06700 Honeywell Inform Services Datanetwork, 300 bps 0311 061 201 06900 Honeywell Inform Services Datanetwork, 134 bps B 0311 061 400 021 CAS online D 0311 061 400 02124 CASUSA STN International 0311 061 700 02000 Bolt Beranek & Newman 0311 061 700 02300 Computer Corporation of America 0311 061 700 02400 AVCO Computer Services 0311 061 700 03600 Data Resources Inc 0311 061 700 03800 BBN-RCC 0311 061 700 03800 Bolt Beranek & Newman 0311 061 700 06700 Management Decision Systems Inc 0311 061 700 07000 Interactive Science Corp 0311 061 700 07600 Interactive Science Corp 0311 061 700 08000 III Systems Inc B 0311 061 700 08401 LCG 0311 061 700 12000 Cullinane Corp 0311 061 700 13700 Masachusetts Institute of Technology 0311 061 700 13800 Masachusetts Institute of Technology 0311 061 700 13900 Masachusetts Institute of Technology 0311 061 700 14000 Masachusetts Institute of Technology B 0311 061 700 270 Waltham B 0311 061 700 609 Package B 0311 061 700 613 BBN10 B 0311 061 700 614 BBNVAX 0311 061 701 01600 Data Resources Inc (300 bps) 0311 061 701 01900 Data Resources Inc (300 bps) 0311 061 701 16100 First Data Division/ADP Inc 0311 061 701 16200 First Data Division/ADP Inc 0311 061 701 25800 Data Resources Inc (134.5 bps) 0311 061 701 26900 Interactive Management Systems 0311 061 701 27500 Masachusetts Institute of Technology 0311 061 701 39000 Masachusetts Institute of Technology 0311 061 701 40300 Masachusetts Institute of Technology 0311 061 703 088 Delphi 0311 061 900 050 California Outdial 1200 bps (Area 619) 0311 070 300 02000 Litton Computer Services 0311 070 300 02100 American Management Systems 0311 070 300 056 PRC Computer Centre Inc 0311 070 300 117 Virginia Outdial 2400 bps (Area 703) B 0311 070 300 50000 NIH-EPA (CIS) 0311 070 305 05200 Digital Broadcasting Corporation 0311 071 300 024 Texas Outdial 2400 bps (Area 713) 0311 071 300 114 Texas Outdial 1200 bps (Area 713) 0311 071 301 08300 Corporate Services Inc 0311 071 301 56500 Rice University 0311 071 400 02000 SCIAPP Science Applications Inc. 0311 071 401 13700 Engineering Supervision Co 0311 071 700 02000 Brodart Inc A 0311 080 100 020 Outdial 300 bps (Area 801) A 0311 080 100 021 Utah Outdial 1200 bps (Area 801) B 0311 080 100 054 ES 0311 080 101 13700 Environmentech Information Systems 0311 080 400 02000 Multiple Access Computer Group X 0311 080 800 01046 UKIRTUK Infra Red Telescope in Hawaii X 0311 080 800 040 UKIRT UK Infra Red Telescope in Hawaii A 0311 081 300 020 Outdial 300 bps (Area 813) A 0311 081 300 021 Florida Outdial 1200 bps (Area 813) D 0311 081 305 518 Tampa Outdial (Area 813) ? 0311 081 800 021 California Outdial 1200 bps (Area 818) D 0311 090 900 80000 JPLM3 Jet Propulsion Laboratory mail 2, USA 0311 090 900 8100 Telemail 0311 091 400 02200 Electronic Tabulating Corporation 0311 091 600 050 California Outdial 1200 bps (Area 916) A 0311 091 900 020 Outdial 300 bps (Area 919) A 0311 091 900 021 Outdial 1200 bps (Area 919) 0311 3 RCA USA - RCA (RCAG) 0311 9 USA - TRT 0312 4 USA - FTCC 0312 5 USA - Uninet 0312 521 210 1 DIALOG6 Lockheed Info Systems D 0312 561 703 080 UNINET B 0312 561 703 088 Delphi 0312 6 AUTONET USA - Autonet 0312 688 01 AUTONET AUTONET Information 0312 7 USA - Telenet 0313 2 COMPU USA - Compuserve 0313 6 USA - Geisco 0334 Mexico 0334 0 Telepac 0340 FA French Antilles (Martinique (Curacau?)) 0340 0 Dompac/NTI 0342 BDS Barbados 0342 235 191 9169 0350 Bermuda 0350 3 PSDS 0425 IL Israel 0425 1 Isranet B 0425 130 000 215 Israelbox 0426 BRN Bahrain 0426 3 BTC 0431 DXB United Arab Emirates - Dubai 0440 J Japan 0440 1 DDX-P B 0440 129 431 04 KEK VAX B 0440 129 431 21 Tsukuba Uni 0440 8 VENUSP Venus-P (Japanese data network) I 0440 820 023 KDD ? B 0440 820 060 01 KDD KDD Test Host, TOKYO 0442 B 0442 110 403 25 OKI B 0442 433 403 07 CMES 0450 South Korea 0450 1 Dacom/DNS 0454 HK Hong Kong 0454 2 Intelpak 0454 5 Datapak A 0454 550 010 4 HKDATA Hong Kong DATAPAK Info A 0454 550 043 1 DATAFAX 0487 Taiwan 0487 2 Pacnet 0487 7 Udas 0505 AUS Australia 0505 2 Austpac 0505 228 621 000 Anglo/Australian Observatory 0505 228 621 001 CSIRO Radio-Physics 0505 228 621 001 FTP for Epping 0505 233 422 000 MELBUNI Melbourne Univ. Australia A 0505 273 720 000 UQ Univ. of Queensland Australia A 0505 273 720 000 UQXA University of Queensland ANF-10 gateway D 0505 273 722 0000 Uni Queensland 0505 282 620 000 FTP For Austek A 0505 282 620 000 VAX in Sidney, Australia 0505 3 Midas 0505 321 000 1 Network test 0505 321 000 3 MIDAS FOX Test 0510 Indonesia 0510 1 PSDS (1986) 0525 SGP Singapore 0525 2 Telepac A 0525 211 668 8 TELEPAC Telepac Info 0530 NZ New Zealand 0530 1 P.S.S. (Pacnet) 0530 171 000 004 WAIKATO Univ of Waikato New Zealand B 0530 197 000 016 ASMAIL 0547 Fr.Polyn. 0547 0 Tompac 0612 Ivory Coast 0612 2 Sytranpac 0647 Reunion 0647 0 Dompac/NIT 0655 ZA South Africe 0655 0 Saponet D 0655 011 101 207 UNI-NET 0714 Panama 0714 1 Intelpac 0722 Argentinia 0722 2 Arpac I 0722 221 110 0171 0724 BR Brazil 0724 0 Interdata 0724 1 Renpac D 0724 782 450 8 Nuclear Research Institute 0730 Chile 0730 0 Entel 0732 Colombia 0732 0 0742 French Guiana 0742 0 Dompac/NTI 0900 USA ? 0900 0 Dialnet ============================================================================== | | Local addresses on KOMETH (0228 479 110 86): | | 11 KOMETH-Informations | 120 Modems 1200 bps (predefined numbers, some with a PW) | 124 Modems 2400 bps ( " " , " " a PW) | 130 Modems 300 bps ( " " , " " a PW) | 1D0 RZ-VAX (EZRZ1) | 300 ETZ-VAX (CUMULI) | 520 ETHICS, Library database | D11 PSI-Informations | C000 Time | C025 X25 Gateway (RZU, with password) | C011 NUZ-Informations | C100 RZU, VM/SP, full-screen | | There are two information systems on the RZ-VAX: | | MAC-BBS BBS with Mac-specific informations. Access for validated users | only (that means that you have to type in your name, address and | whether you're a student at the ETH or not and then wait a few | days). | (Username=MAC) | VisInfo Informations server of the VIS (Verein der InformatikStudenten) | Contains some boards with mail from several networks and from | local sources. Has a CHAT (closed during prime time hours). Free | access. | (Username=VISINFO) | ============================================================================== = | | Local addresses at CERN (0228 468 114 0510): | | 17 Lyon (own network) | 23 PAD | 31 VXOMEG | 41 Wisconsin/Madison | 42 CERNLINE 193 | 45 DECserver | 51 ALEPH | 56 MERLIN VAX | 61 (Prompt ) | 72 Wylbur / VM | 100 Wylbur / VM | 101 VM/370 CERNVM | 102 VM/370 CERNVMB | 103 VM/370 CERNVM | 110 VXLDB1 VAX 8650 VMS 4.6 | 111 Information | 112 VXSB | 115 VXLDB1 | 120 Service CAD_CAM (VAX 8650+VAX785)/SYSTEME=VMS 4.6 | 121 CAD_CAM | 122 VXCERN | 123 VXCERN | 124 BSD | 125 CERNVM | 127 PAD | 130 L3 test beam VXC3 | 137 ALEPH-TPC | 140 VXEPEL | 141 DECserver 200 ("user friendly") | 142 CERNADD | 146 VXEPEL | 147 Uni Genf TEC VAXTEC | 151 CCVAX / DECserver 200 | 152 Uni Genf WA70 | 154 ALEPH 750 Fastbus VAX | 161 MCR | 162 MCR | 166 VXWA80 | 167 cernvax | 170 VXINFN | 175 ALEPH | 176 MCR with HELP | X29 X25 Gateway | ============================================================================== = | | Addresses on Merit (0228 468 114 0583): | | The principal host computers on Merit are: | | Name System/machine Organization Location | ---- ----------------- ------------------- ------------- | MSUnet-IBM VM/CMS IBM 3090-180 Michigan State Univ East Lansing | OU Multics Honeywell Oakland Univ Rochester | UB MTS IBM 3090-400 Univ of Michigan Ann Arbor | UM MTS IBM 3090-400 Univ of Michigan Ann Arbor | WM DECsystem-10 Western Michigan Univ Kalamazoo | WU MTS Amdahl 470V/8 Wayne State Univ Detroit | | If you have a question about the use of the Merit Network, call | (313) 764-9423 and ask for a user consultant. | | Other host computers and services available on the Merit network: | | Autonet CMU-Cyber CMU-IBM Datapac | DIALOUT-AA DIAL1200-AA DIAL2400-AA DIAL300-AA | EMU-VAX IGW ITI MAGNET | MSU-CLSI MSU-CLVAX1 MSU-EGRNET MSU-IBM | MSU MTU MTUS5 OU-SecsNet | RPI RUAC Survey Telenet | UM-Annex UM-CIC UM-CLINFO UM-dippy | UM-DSC UM-EnginHarris UM-MMVAX UM-Public-Service | UM-QuickSlides UM-RAVAX UM-zippy UMD-LIB | UMLIB UMLIB-300 WAYNEST1 WAYNEST2 | WMU-CAE WMU-Kanga WMU-Pooh WMU-Puff | WMU-Tigger WMU-Winnie WSU-CSVAX WSU-ET | WSUNET ZOOnet-KCollege ZOOnet-KVCC ZOOnet-Nazareth | | Some of the other computers and services which can be accessed via Telenet, | Autonet, and Datapac: | | ABA/NET ACP ADPNS-261 ADPNS-3 | ADPNS-446 ADPNS-9 Alberta ARTFL | Automail-23 Automail-297 Boeing British-Columbia | BRS Cal-Berkeley Calgary Caltech-HEP | Carnegie-DEC-20 Carnegie-MICOM Carnegie-11/45 CompuServe | Comshare Cornell Dalhousie DatapacInfo | Dialcom Dialog Dow-Jones Guelph | Guelph-Cosy Illinois Illinois-Cyber LEXIS | Manitoba Maryland-Unix McGill MGH | Minnesota-Cyber Minnesota-VAX MIT-Multics MIT-VM | Montreal Natl-Lib-Med NCAR-Telenet New-Brunswick | Newsnet NJIT-EIES NLM NLM-MCS | Notre-Dame NRC NYTimes OAG | Queens Rice SDC SFU |_____________________________________________________________________________ _ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 5 of 12 COSMOS COmputer System for Mainframe OperationS Part Two by King Arthur This article will present solutions to the computer security problems presented in my previous file. The following are simple but often neglected items which if properly treated can immensely increase your company's computer security. These points apply not merely in regards to COSMOS, but to all computers in all companies. A) Dial-Up Security: When securing a computer system, regardless of its type, it's important t o remember this: the only way someone can remotely access your system is if ther e is a dial-up line leading to that system. If your system has a dial-up, make sure that you have taken every possible precaution to secure that line. "The one piece of advice I would give is: Be careful with dial-up lines," says Bellcore's Ed Pinnes. Dave Imparato, Manager of Database Management at New York Telephone, says , "We have devices that sit in front of our computers that you have to gain access to. In order to even get to COSMOS, there are three or four levels of security you have to go through, and that's before you even get to the system. " Rules for protection of Dial-Up lines: 1. Have as few dial-up lines as possible. Private lines or direct connection s are often a viable replacement for dial-up lines. 2. If you must have phone lines going to your computer, use external hardware , if possible. For instance, the Datakit Virtual Circuit Switch (VCS) will require a user to specify an "access password" and a system destination to specify which system you are calling. The VCS would then connect you to the requested system which would prompt you for a login and password. Using hardware similar to this serves a double purpose: A) It is harder for someone to get into your computer, due to additional passwords; B) Employees need only dial a single number to access a number of systems. Another good type of hardware is a callback modem. A callback modem will prompt users for a login and password. If these are correct, the modem will automatically callback to a predetermined number. At that point you would login to the computer. The advantage of callback is that unless a call is placed from a certain phone, there is no way to connect. Unfortunately, this is not always efficient for systems with large numbers of users. Lastly, and the most effective means of access, is to have a system which does not identify itself. A caller has to enter a secret password, which doesn't display on the screen. If a caller doesn't type the correct password, the system will hang up, without ever telling the caller what ha s happened. 3. If you ever detect "hackers" calling a certain number, it is advisable to change that number. Phone numbers should be unlisted. According to a hacker, he once got the number to an AT&T computer by asking directory assistance for the number of AT&T at 976 Main Street. 4. If dial-up lines aren't used on nights or weekends, they should be disabled. Computer hackers usually conduct their "business" on nights or weekends. The COSMOS system has the ability to restrict access by time of day. B) Password Security: Using the analogy between a computer and a file cabinet, you can compare a password to the lock on your file cabinet. By having accounts with no passwords you are, in effect, leaving your file cabinet wide open. A system's users will often want passwords that are easy to remember. This is not an advisable idea, especially for a database system with many users. The first passwords tried by hackers are the obvious. For instance if MF01 is known to be the user name for the frame room, a hacker might try MF01, FRAME, MDF, or MAINFRAME as passwords. If it's known to a hacker that the supervisor at the MDF is Peter Pinkerton, PETE or PINKERTON would not be very good passwords. Rules for password selection: 1. Passwords should be chosen by system administrators or the like. Users will often choose passwords which provide no security. They should not be within the reach of everybody in the computer room, but instead should be sent via company mail to the proper departments. 2. Passwords should be changed frequently, but on an irregular basis -- every four to seven weeks is advisable. Department supervisors should be notified of password changes via mail, a week in advance. This would ensure that all employees are aware of the change at the proper time. One thing you don't want is mass confusion, where everybody is trying to figur e out why they can't access their computers. 3. System administrators' passwords should be changed twice as often because they can allow access to all system resources. If possible, system administrator accounts should be restricted from logging in on a dial-up line. 4. A password should NEVER be the same as the account name. Make sure that ALL system defaults are changed. 5. Your best bet is to make passwords a random series of letters and numbers . For example 3CB06W1, Q9IF0L4, or F4W21D0. All passwords need not be the same length or format. Imparato says, "We built a program in a PC that generates different security passwords for different systems and makes sur e there's no duplication." 6. It's important to change passwords whenever an employee leaves the company or even changes departments. Imparato says, "When managers leave our organization, we make sure we change those passwords which are necessary t o operate the system." 7. The Unix operating system has a built-in "password aging" feature, which requires a mandatory change of passwords after a period of time. If you run any Unix-based systems, it's important to activate password aging. 8. When you feel you have experienced a problem, change ALL passwords, not just those passwords involved with the incident. C) Site security: There have been a number of articles written by hackers and published in 2600 Magazine dealing with garbage picking or what hackers call "trashing". It's important to keep track of what you throw out. In many companies, proprietary operations manuals are thrown out. COSMOS itself is not a user-friendly system. In other words, without previous exposure to the system it would be very difficult to operate. Bellcore's Beverly Cruse says, "COSMOS is used in so many places around the country, I wouldn't be surprised if they found books... in the garbage, especially after divestiture. One interesting thing about a COSMOS article written by hackers, is that there was a lot of obsolete information, so it shows that wherever the information came from... i t was old." Rules for site security: 1. Although it may seem evident, employees should be required to show proper identification when entering terminal rooms or computer facilities. It's doubtful that a hacker would ever attempt to infiltrate any office, but hackers aren't the only people you have to worry about. 2. Urge employees to memorize login sequences. It's a bad idea for passwords to be scribbled on bits of paper taped to terminals. Eventually, one of those scraps may fall into the wrong hands. 3. Garbage should be protected as much as possible. If you use a private pick-up, keep garbage in loading docks, basements, or fenced-off areas. If you put your garbage out for public sanitation department pick-up, it's a good idea to shred sensitive materials. 4. Before throwing out old manuals or books, see if another department could make use of them. The more employees familiar with the system, the less o f a chance that there will be a security problem. 5. Printing terminals should be inspected to make sure that passwords are not readable. If passwords are found to echo, check to see if the duplex is correct. Some operating systems allow you to configure dial-ups for printer use. D) Employee Security: When a hacker impersonates an employee, unless he is not successful there is a great chance the incident will go unreported. Even if the hacker doesn't sound like he knows what he's talking about, employees will often excuse the call as an unintelligent or uninformed person. It's unpleasant to have to worry about every call with an unfamiliar voice on the other end of the phone, but it is necessary. Rules for employee security: 1. When making an inter-departmental call, always identify yourself with: 1) Your name; 2) Your title; and 3) Your department and location. 2. Be suspicious of callers who sound like children, or those who ask you questions that are out of the ordinary. Whenever someone seems suspicious , get their supervisor's name and a callback number. Don't discuss anything sensitive until you can verify their identity. Don't ever discuss passwords over the phone. 3. When there is a security problem with a system, send notices to all users instructing them not to discuss the system over the phone, especially if they do not already know the person to whom they are talking. 4. Remind all dial-up users of systems, before hanging up. 5. If security-minded posters are put up around the workplace, employees are bound to take more care in their work and in conversations on the phone. 6. If managers distribute this and other computer security articles to department supervisors employee security will be increased. E) General Security: Bellcore recently sent a package to all system administrators of COSMOS systems. The package detailed security procedures which applied to COSMOS an d Unix-based systems. If you are a recipient of this package, you should re-rea d it thoroughly to ensure that your systems are secure. Cruse says, "Last year... I had a call from someone within an operating company with a COSMOS security problem. All we really did was give them documentation which reminde d them of existing security features... There is built-in security in the COSNI X operating system... We really didn't give them anything new at the time. The features were already there; we gave them the recommendation that they implement all of them." If you feel you may not be using available security features to the fullest, contact the vendors of your computer systems and request documentatio n on security. Find out if there are security features that you may not be currently taking advantage of. There are also third party software companies that sell security packages for various operating systems and computers. Computer security is a very delicate subject. Many people try to pretend that there is no such thing as computer crime. Since the problem exists, the best thing to do is to study the problems and figure out the best possible solutions. If more people were to write or report about computer security, it would be easier for everyone else to protect themselves. I would like to see Bellcore publish security guidelines, available to the entire telecommunications industry. Keep in mind, a chain is only as strong as its weakest link. ______________________________________________________________________________ _ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 6 of 12 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<*>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <<< >>> <<< Looking Around In DECNET >>> <<< >>> <<< by Deep Thought of West Germany >>> <<< >>> <<< June 1, 2024 >>> <<< >>> <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<*>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Disclaimer: I take no responsibility for any use or abuse of the information contained in this article, nor for any damage caused by the use o f methods described. DECNET, VAX, and VMS are possibly registered trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. There comes a time when every somewhat intelligent programmer asks: Is hackin g difficult? Now, being in a university network, why don't just give it a try? Since one is an official student and somewhat authorized to use the computing facilities, testing the modern means of communication should cause no trouble. Well, you start searching on those nodes, you have official access for interesting programs and procedures. And you find: Netdcl, just one program of many, that obviously enables one to run commands on remote nodes without having an account on these nodes. A really interesting thing, as nearly everything is allowed that a normal user can do. The dear reader may start to think: Wasn't there always the shouting about VM S being the MOST SECURE computer system, making it UNPENETRABLE to hackers? Ok, cool down, this feature can be disabled and so, you think, if someone has supe r secret data on his VAX, he will stop any use or abuse of this feature. 2nd Act -- Somewhere one has heard about some mystery things called system calls. Since one always wanted to know about how to react on keystrokes on a VAX (really being not trivial!) you start reading the manuals more precisely t o find out how to do it in Pascal. Randomly on browsing thru the pages you discover functions which deliver information about Userids. This comes in handy, as a friend engaged in university politics wants to distribute a leaflet by email to all registered users. In fact, it's completely unproblematic to gain a list of all users. A n example program, although written in Assembler, is even contained in the manuals. Enjoy a list of 1000 Userids complete with information about network access rights. The Pascal program is contained in Appendix B (later in this file). Sorry, passwords are not stored in this list. Even the Sysop can't access them, so that's no great loss. Guess what passwords many accounts have? Sure , just try the username. It's really amazing how ignorant users can be. Of course this is a problem of group-accounts, that many users have access to and must know the password. Nevertheless, the hole is there. The real hacker, once he has logged in on such an account surely finds ways to gain system privilege. This requires in-depth knowledge of the Kernel of VMS and is another story I won't deal with. What is DECNET? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DECNET is the means, by which computers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) can be connected to each other. Each computer in this network has an address which is normally given by x.y where x is the area number (an integer) and y is the node number in this area which ranges from 1 to 1023. To access DECNET nodes, one specifies just one number, which can be computed from x and y by the following formula: nodenumber = x * 1024 + y Often nodes, especially local nodes (having the same area number as your current node) have names assigned to them so they can be memorized more easily . Interesting DECNET Commands ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ To get a (first) list of available DECNET nodes, try the command $ SHOW NET The $ (as in the following examples) is the default prompt of VMS and should not be entered. This Command will give you a list of (hopefully) reachable nodes. All lines of the output contain the network address in the form x.y an d normally a name which this node is known by. Your current node is mentioned in the first line in "VAX/VMS network status fo r local node X.Y Name". In most cases you will then just see local nodes listed and a line saying "The next hop to the nearest area router is node XX.YY". This node contains more information about the DECNET than the node you are currently on. If you have an account on the specified node, log on there and try again. If not, well, play with the local nodes listed and look at the command NCP shown later. Now, what can you do with those nodes that were mentioned in the output? First command is $ SET HOST Where is either a nodename or a nodenumber (see above). Thus, if SDIVA X was listed in the SHOW NET list as 42.13, then you may try both SET HOST SDIVA X or SET HOST 43021 (42*1024+13 = 43021). Probably you'll get that ugly Username: prompt. You're on your own then. Second thing you can do with DECNET is email. On VMS the MAIL program can sen d mail to other users. If you and your friend both have accounts on the same DECNET, you can send him mail if you know his nodename or nodenumber by specifying SDIVAX::FREDDY or 43021::FREDDY. Then there is PHONE. This is a utility to talk to another (or several) user(s ) on a DECNET. If you want to call Freddy, just type PHONE SDIVAX::FREDDY. If he is logged in, his terminal will ring and if he answers his phone (with PHON E ANSWER) you may chat with him. PHONE has another nice feature built in: You may ask for a list of active users on a remote name by %DIR SDIVAX. See the online help on PHONE for further details. The next really mighty DECNET facility is remote file access. Valid filenames in VMS consist of the components node, disk, directory and filename. An example for a valid filename is SDIVAX::DISK$2:[NASA.SECRET]SDI.DOC where some components may be omitted and default values are used instead. File names including the node specification may be used in nearly all VMS commands examples being DIR, TYPE and COPY. Access to the specified file is granted, if the protection of the file allows access by world, or if the owner of the file is the user DECNET. This pseudo userid is available on every VAX and has the password DECNET. Access to that account is limited to network processing so you can't just log in with Username=DECNET, password=DECNET. By default a special directory owned by the User DECNET exists on each node. Thi s directory can be accessed by just specifying the nodename without any disk or directory information, as in $ DIR SDIVAX:: If users played too much with this feature, the directory may be protected or otherwise disabled. The last feature described here is the remote command processing facility. If you try to open a file with the specification $ SDIVAX::"task=foo.com" Instead of opening the DCL procedure, foo.com will be executed. To make use o f this feature easily, programs have been written to interactively communicate with a remote host. The command procedure NETDCL.COM does this task and is contained in the Appendix A (seen later in this file. Look at this DCL-Procedure to learn more about DECNET features. The Key To Universal Knowledge ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There is a pearl under the programs on a VAX. It's called NCP and will give readily information about the whole DECNET. You start this program either by MCR NCP or by doing a SET DEF SYS$SYSTEM and RUN NCP. Use the on-line Help provided in NCP (which means Network Control Program) to learn more. NCP> SHOW KNOWN NODES Provides a list of all nodes known on your current node, including the names you may use as node specifications. But there is more: You may connect to another node's database and get a list of nodes which are known at the remote node with NCP> SET EXEC SDIVAX And then again the SHOW KNOWN NODES command. This feature should provide you with a nearly infinite list of node names and node numbers. Conclusion ~~~~~~~~~~ There are many nice features available under DECNET. Probably I don't know all, but I hope this article showed you the mighty tools available on VMS to make network life easier. WARNING: The author has had bad experiences with some node administrators, who didn't like their machines being contacted over DECNET. Yes, that's the drawback, each DECNET activity is written to a protocol file that is printed and deleted every month. So you should be careful in using DECNET. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - APPENDIX A: The Procedure NETDCL.COM, sometimes called TELL.COM, NET.COM ----------------------- $ IF f$mode() .EQS. "NETWORK" THEN GOTO network $ IF p1 .EQS. "" THEN READ/PROMPT="_Node: " sys$command p1 $ nodespec = p1 - "::" $ nodename = f$extract(0,f$locate("""",nodespec),nodespec) $! include the following line for "hard cases" $! nodespec = nodespec+"""decnet decnet""" $ ON WARNING THEN CONTINUE $ CLOSE/ERR=open_server dcl_server $open_server: $ OPEN/READ/WRITE dcl_server 'nodespec'::"TASK=NETDCL"/ERROR=open_failure $ ON WARNING THEN GOTO exit $flush_output: $ READ dcl_server record $ IF record .EQS. "SEND_ME_A_COMMAND" - THEN GOTO send_command $ WRITE sys$output record $ GOTO flush_output $send_command: $ IF p2 .NES. "" THEN GOTO single_command $ READ sys$command record /PROMPT="''nodename'> " /END=exit $ record := 'record $ IF record .EQS. "EXIT" THEN GOTO exit $ WRITE dcl_server record $ GOTO flush_output $single_command: $ command := 'p2' 'p3' 'p4' 'p5' 'p6' 'p7' 'p8' $ WRITE dcl_server command $single_flush: $ READ dcl_server record $ IF record .EQS. "SEND_ME_A_COMMAND"- $ THEN GOTO exit $ WRITE sys$output record $ GOTO single_flush $open_failure: $ ON WARNING THEN EXIT $ COPY/LOG Netdcl.Com 'nodespec':: $ WAIT 0:0:1 $ OPEN/READ/WRITE dcl_server 'nodespec'::"TASK=NETDCL" $ ON WARNING THEN GOTO exit $ GOTO flush_output $exit: $ CLOSE dcl_server $ EXIT $network: $ OPEN/READ/WRITE dcl_link sys$net $ SET NOON $ dcl_verify = 'f$verify(0)' $ DEFINE sys$output dcl_link: $server_loop: $ WRITE dcl_link "SEND_ME_A_COMMAND" $ READ dcl_link dcl_string /END_OF_FILE=server_exit /ERROR=server_exit $ 'dcl_string' $ GOTO server_loop $server_exit: $ IF dcl_verify THEN set verify $ CLOSE dcl_link $ DEASSIGN sys$output $ EXIT ----------------------- APPENDIX B ALLUSER.PAS - Show all registered users ----------------------- { * alluser.pas - get names of all users * by Deep, 1989 * This program is freely redistributable as long no modifications are made * DISCLAIMER: I take no responsibility for any use or abuse of this * program. It is given for informational purpose only. * * program history: * 04-May-89 started * 02-Jun-89 clean up of code } [inherit ('sys$library:starlet.pen')] program alluser(input,output); type $word = [word] 0..65535; $byte = [byte] 0..255; $quadword = record lo,hi : unsigned; end; $uquad = record lo,hi : unsigned; end; var id: unsigned; status, status2: integer; length: $WORD; attrib,context,context2,context3: unsigned; ident, ident2: unsigned; name: varying [512] of char; holder: $uquad; begin writeln('Alluser - use at your own risk!'); status := SS$_NORMAL; { id = -1 selects next identifier } id := -1; context := 0; while (status <> SS$_NOSUCHID) do begin { find next identifier } status := $idtoasc(id,name.length,name.body,ident,attrib,context); if (status <> SS$_NOSUCHID) then begin write(pad(name,' ',16)); if (ident div (65536*32768) > 0) then { it's a rights-list, so print the hex-value of the identifier } begin writeln(oct(ident,12)); context2 := 0; context3 := 0; { find all holders of this right } repeat holder := zero; status2 := $find_holder(ident,holder,attrib,context2); if (holder.lo <> 0) then begin ident2 := ident; { get UIC and username } status := $idtoasc(holder.lo,name.length,name.body,ident2 ,attrib,context3); write(' ',pad(name,' ',16)); writeln('[',oct(holder.lo div 65536,3),',' ,oct(holder.lo mod 65536,3),']'); end; until (holder.lo = 0); end else { it's a UIC, so translate to [grp,user] } begin writeln('[',oct(ident div 65536,3),',',oct(ident mod 65536,3),']'); end; end; end; end. ----------------------- This article has been brought to you by Deep Thought of West Germany. If you liked this article, grant me access if I once drop in your BBS! ______________________________________________________________________________ _ Received: (from C483307@UMCVMB for TK0JUT1@UCLAMAIL via NJE) (C483307-9202; 114 LINES); Tue, 27 Jun 89 15:54:16 CDT Date: Tue, 27 Jun 89 15:54 CDT To: TK0JUT1 From: C483307@UMCVMB Comment: converted from NETDATA format at NIU ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 7 of 12 <:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:> <:> <:> <:> The Making Of A Hacker <:> <:> <:> <:> by Framstag of West Germany <:> <:> <:> <:> June 2, 2024 <:> <:> <:> <:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:><:> Prologue For None VMS Users ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ DECnet is the network for DEC machines, in most cases you can say VAXes. DECnet allows you to do: - e-mail - file transfer - remote login - remote command - remote job entry - PHONE PHONE is an interactive communication between users and is equal to TALK on UNIX or a "deluxe"-CHAT on VM/CMS. BELWUE, the university network of the state Baden-Wuerttemberg in West Germany contains (besides other networks) a DECnet with about 400 VAXes. On every VAX there is standard-account called DECNET with pw:= DECNET, which i s not reachable via remote login. This account is provided for several DECnet-Utilities and as a pseudo-guest-account. The DECNET-account has very restricted privileges: You cannot edit a file or make another remote login. The HELP-menu is equipped by the system and is similar to the MAN command on UNIX. More information on DECnet can be found in "Looking Around In DECnet" by Deep Thought in this very issue of Phrack Inc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Here, at the University of Ulm, we have an *incredibly* ignorant computer center staff, with an even bigger lack of system-literature (besides the 80 kg of VAX/VMS-manuals). The active may search for information by himself, which is over the level of "run," "FORTRAN," or "logout." My good luck that I have other accounts in the BELWUE-DECnet, where more information is offered for the users. I am a regular student in Ulm and all my accounts are completely legal and corresponding to the German laws. I don't call myself a "hacker," I feel more like a "user" (...it's more a defining-problem). In the HELP-menu in a host in Tuebingen I found the file netdcl.com and the corresponding explanation, which sends commands to the DECNET-Account of other VAXes and executes them there (remote command). The explanation in the HELP-menu was idiot-proof -- therefore for me, too :-) With the command "$ mcr ncp show known nodes" you can obtain a list of al l netwide active VAXes, as is generally known, and so I pinged all these VAXes t o look for more information for a knowledge-thirsty user. With "help", "dir" an d other similar commands I look around on those DECnet accounts, always watching for topics related to the BELWUE-network. It's a pity, that 2/3 of all VAXes have locked the DECNET-Account for NETDCL.COM. Their system managers are probably afraid of unauthorized access, but I cannot imagine how there could b e such an unauthorized access, because you cannot log on this account -- no chance for trojan horses, etc. Some system managers called me back after I visited their VAX to chat wit h me about the network and asked me if they could help me in any way. One sysop from Stuttgart even sent me a version of NETDCL.COM for the ULTRIX operation system. Then, after a month, the H O R R O R came over me in shape of a the following mail: --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- - From: TUEBINGEN::SYSTEM 31-MAY-1989 15:31:11.38 To: FRAMSTAG CC: Subj: don't make any crap, or you'll be kicked out! From: ITTGPX::SYSTEM 29-MAY-1989 16:46 To: TUEBINGEN::SYSTEM Subj: System-breaking-in 01-May-1989 To the system manager of the Computer TUEBINGEN, On May 1st 1989 we had a System-breaking-in in our DECNET-account, which started from your machine. By help of our accounting we ascertained your user FRAMSTAG to have emulated an interactive log-on on our backbone-node and on every machine of our VAX-cluster with the "trojan horse" NETDCL.COM. Give us this user's name and address and dear up the occurrence completely. We point out that the user is punishable. In case of repetition we would be forced to take corresponding measures. We will check whether our system got injured. I f not, this time we will disregard any measure. Inform us via DECnet about your investigation results -- we are attainable by the nodenumber 1084::system Dipl.-Ing. Michael Hager --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- - My system manager threatened me with the deleting of my account, if I would not immediately enlighten the affair. *Gulp*! I was conscious about my innocence, but how to tell it to the others? I explained, step by step, everything to my system manager. He then understood after a while, but the criminal procedure still hovered over me... so, I took quickly to my keyboard, to compose file of explanations and to send it to that angry system manager in Stuttgart (node 1084 is an institute there). But no way out: He had run out of disk quota and my explanation-mail sailed into the nirwana: --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- - $ mail explanation To: 1084::system %MAIL-E, error sending to user SYSTEM at 1084 %MAIL-E-OPENOUT, error opening SYS$SYSROOT:[SYSMGR]MAIL$00040092594FD194.MAI; as output -RMS-E-CRE, ACP file create failed -SYSTEM-F-EXDISKQUOTA, disk quota exceeded --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- - Also the attempt of a connection with the PHONE-facilty failed: In his borderless hacker-paranoia, he cut off his PHONE... and nowhere is a list with the REAL-addresses of the virtual DECnet-addresses available (to prevent hacking). Now I stood there with the brand "DANGEROUS HACKER!" and I had no chance to vindicate myself. I poured out my troubles to an acquaintance of mine, who is a sysop in the computer-center in Freiburg. He asked other sysop s and managers thru the whole BELWUE-network until someone gave him a telephone number after a few days -- and that was the right one! I phoned to this Hager and told him what I had done with his DECnet-account and also what NOT. I wanted to know which crime I had committed. He promptly cancelled all of his reproaches, but he did not excuse his defamous incriminations. I entreated him to inform my system manager in Tuebingen that I have done nothing illegal and to stop him from erasing my account. This happens already to a fellow student of mine (in this case, Hage r was also guilty). He promised me that he would officially cancel his reproaches. After over a week this doesn't happen (I'm allowed to use my account further on). In return for it, I received a new mail from Hager on another account of mine: --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- - From: 1084::HAGER 1-JUN-1989 12:51 To: 50180::STUD_11 Subj: System-breaking-in On June 1st 1989 you have committed a system-breaking-in on at least one of ou r VAXes. We were able to register this occurrence. We would be forced to take further measure if you did not dear up the occurrence completely until June 6th. Of course the expenses involved would be imposed on you. Hence enlightenment must be in your own interest. We are attainable via DECnet-mail with the address 1084::HAGER or via followin g address: Institut fuer Technische Thermodynamik und Thermische Verfahrenstechnik Dipl.-Ing. M. Hager Tel.: 0711/685-6109 Dipl.-Ing. M. Mrzyglod Tel.: 0711/685-3398 Pfaffenwaldring 9/10-1 7000 Stuttgart-80 M. Hager M. Mrzyglod --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- -- - This was the reaction of my attempt: "$ PHONE 1084::SYSTEM". I have not answered to this mail. I AM SICK OF IT! Framstag (FRAMSTAG@DTUPEV5A.BITNET) With Special Thanks For Translation Assistance To Schrulli B. ______________________________________________________________________________ _ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 8 of 12 <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> <><><><> <><><><> <><><> Sending Fake Mail In Unix <><><> <><> <><> <> by Dark OverLord <> <><> <><> <><><> May 26, 2024 <><><> <><><><> <><><><> <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> Here is a shell script that can be use to send fakemail from any Unix system. Have fun and stay out of trouble. -Dark Overlord -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Cut here -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= ! /bin/sh #Mfakemail - A shell script to send fakemail. #M##M#Met up the path. PATH=/usr/ucb:/bin:$HOME/Bin #Marse the command line case $ in 0)echo "USAGE: user@host [ from@somewhere ] [ mailer_host ]" >& 2 exit 1 ;; 1)mailto=$1 from="person@campus" mailerhost=localhost ;; 2)mailto=$1 from=$2 mailerhost=localhost ;; 3)mailto=$1 from=$2 mailerhost=$3 ;; *)echo "USAGE: user@host [ from@somewhere ] [ mailer_host" >& 2 exit 1 ;; esac #Mreate a header for sendmail cat < /tmp/cli$$ helo $mailerhost mail from:$from<$from> rcpt to: $mailto <$mailto> data From: $from To: $mailto Subject: Status: RO E!O!F! #Mdit the mailer vi /tmp/cli$$ #M dd a ending for the mailer cat <> /tmp/cli$$ .. quit E!O!F! #Monnect to the remote host's sendmail daemon telnet $mailerhost smtp < /tmp/cli$$ #Mlean up time /bin/rm -f /tmp/cli$$ _____________________________________________________________________________ __ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 9 of 12 +======================================+ The Postal Inspection Service (C) UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE (U.S. MAIL) Brought to you by Vendetta May 10, 2024 +======================================+ Protecting The U.S. Mails ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The protection of the U.S. Mail and the mail system is the responsibility of the Postal Inspection Service. As the law enforcement and audit arm of the U.S. Postal Service, the Inspection Service is a highly specialized, professional organization performing investigative, law enforcement, and audi t functions essential to a stable and sound postal system. As our country's oldest federal law enforcement agency, the Inspection Servic e has jurisdiction in all criminal matters infringing on the integrity and security of the mail, and the safety of all postal valuables, property, and personnel. Since the beginning of a postal system in this country, criminal and administrative problems of the Postal Service have been interwoven. By detecting and investigating crimes against the mail and postal revenue, establishing safe and efficient postal systems, protecting all postal properties, assuring that the postal system is not criminally misused to the detriment of the public, the Inspection Service plays an integral part in maintaining effective operations in the Postal Service. The agency's activities make a vital contribution to the protection of the nation's economy. Security and enforcement functions of the Inspection Servi ce provide assurance to American business for the safe exchange of funds and securities through the U.S. Mail, and to postal customers of the sanctity of the seal in transmitting correspondence and messages to all parts of the worl d. Audits ensure stability to financial operations, help control costs, and promote increased efficiency in our Postal Service. Postal Inspectors ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Postal Inspectors are the fact finding and investigative agents of the U.S. Postal Service. Today nearly two-thirds of their time is spent in investigating and solving postal related crimes. Possessing statutory power of arrest, they apprehend violators of the law and work closely with U.S. Attorneys in prosecuting cases in court. Their work also includes crime prevention, the audit of postal operations, investigation of accidents and a wide variety of other service and audit matters. The work of a Postal Inspector requires total dedication and a willingness to work long hours. Investigations of postal crimes which often entail intersta te or international coordination, and the responsibility to restore mail service following catastrophes such as floods, fire, and airplane wrecks, are time-consuming and can be hazardous. There are approximately 1,900 Postal Inspectors stationed in the United State s and Puerto Rico. All trainees undergo an eleven-week basic training course involving use of firearms, defensive tactics, legal matters, search and seizure, arrest techniques, court procedures, postal operations, audit functions, and a detailed study of the federal laws in which the Inspection Service has jurisdiction. Classes are conducted at the Inspection Service training center in Potomac, Maryland. Refresher courses keep Inspectors informed of current court decisions, laws, and legal procedures. Additional specialized courses are continually held to equip the Service with expertly trained personnel. All applicants for the position of Postal Inspector must successfully complet e the following steps; entry examination; a comprehensive background investigation including ma medical examination; the candidate assessment cent er review; and all phases of the basic training course. Inspection Service Activity ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Criminal investigations and postal crime prevention represent the greatest portion of Inspection Service activity. Postal Inspectors investigate violations of all postal laws and other related criminal violations. Crimes within the purview of postal investigations include mail fraud, the illegal transmission of controlled substances through the U.S. Mail, the mailing of child pornography, thefts of mails or postal valuables, assaults on postal employees, bombs sent through the mails or directed against postal properties, and the mailing of matter containing poison, unauthorized concealable firearms, and harmful or prohibited articles . Five crime laboratories located throughout the country assist Inspectors in analyzing evidentiary material needed for identifying and tracing criminal suspects and in providing expert testimony for cases brought to trial. The objectives of postal crime prevention are to anticipate, identify, and analyze those areas of greatest crime risk potentially affecting employees, funds, property, and postal customers. Postal Inspectors then take action to remove or reduce that risk and maintain the integrity of the Postal Service. "The Postal Inspection Service is responsible for the internal audit of the Postal Service." Postal Inspectors provide management with independent audits and investigatio ns of all postal activities as a part of the Postal Service's internal control system. Audits of installations and systems protect the assets of the Service, improv e its financial management system, assist in the resolution of customer complaints, investigate matters of Congressional interests, and identify specific improvements for better customer service and more economical operations. Financial audits provide an independent check on the adequacy and effectivene ss of control systems; verify the existence of assets and ensure the proper safeguards are maintained. Operations audits are conducted to assist postal management in the operation of an efficient, and reliable Postal Service. Security Force ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Postal Police Officers provide protection to mail, postal valuables, postal employees, facilities, and vehicles of the Postal Service. As part of the la w enforcement team, they assist Postal Inspectors in the enforcement of certain postal laws and regulations on postal premises and provide mobile response unites in emergency situations involving the Postal Service. Equipped with portable radios and alerted by closed circuit television they provide perimeter security to major postal facilities and other buildings operated by the Postal Service. Their presence in postal installations throughout the country is a deterrent to postal crimes and an aid to employee morale. Postal Police Officers also are used to escort high value mail while in trans it between postal units and at airports. Experience in military or civil law enforcement, industrial security, or similar occupations is an asset for positions in the Security Force. All appointees undergo a four-week training course conducted at the Inspection Service's training center. Coordination With Other Agencies ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Inspection Service extends full cooperation to all local and federal investigative and prosecutive authorities in law enforcement matters to ensur e greater protection to the public. Postal Inspectors participate in the Department of Justice national strike force teams aimed at curtailing widespread criminal acts of an organized nature. Postal Inspectors also work closely with the External Auditors in providing support to the certification of the Postal Service's financial statements. Conviction Rate ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Inspection Service maintains a consistently high conviction rate each yea r of approximately 98% of cases brought to trial, a rate not exceeded by any other federal law enforcement agency. Jurisdiction, Postal Laws, and Protection ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Inspection Service exercises investigative jurisdiction over approximatel y 85 postal-related statues. These can be grouped in two categories: Criminal acts against the mails, postal facilities, or postal personnel; and criminal misuse of the postal system. MAIL FRAUD All criminal activity involving use of the U.S. Mail with intent to defraud comes under the jurisdiction of the Postal Inspection Service. The Mail Frau d Law is the oldest consumer protection law in the United States and is one of the most effective prosecutive tool in fighting white collar and organized crime. Millions of dollars are lost each year through mail fraud which cheat s not only the poor and the elderly, but businessmen and the consumer as well. Prevalent schemes include insurance, banking, false billings; land and advance-fee selling swindles; franchise schemes; work-at-home and fraudulent diploma schemes; charity schemes; promotions of fake health cures, beauty devices, fast-working diets, and sex stimulants; chain letters, lotteries, an d solicitations for the sale of advertising specialty items. While Postal Inspectors have no statutory authority to act as intermediaries in the settlement of unsatisfactory financial or property transactions conducted through the mails, their investigations frequently result in the discontinuan ce of fraudulent or borderline operations. Administrative mail-stop orders may be issued to prevent continuing public loss while sufficient evidence is being developed for criminal prosecutive action in the courts, or in cases where false representations, but not necessarily fraudulent intent, can be proven. The Inspection Service has a leading role in consumer protection through the implementation of educational programs designed to prevent mail fraud schemes from developing, and through its efforts to resolve complaints relating to consumer/vendor misunderstandings or poor business practices. ORGANIZED CRIME Investigations by Postal Inspectors in organized crime matters most frequentl y relate to cases involving theft and fencing of large amounts of stamp stock a nd securities by organized post office burglary rings; insurance and investment frauds; and planned bankruptcies and schemes aimed at looting company assets. The Organized Crime Control Act of 1970 specifically includes violation of th e Mail Fraud Statue as "racketeering activity." Postal Inspectors are assigned to the Justice Department Organized Crime Strike Forces which operate at vari ous points throughout the country. MAIL THEFT/BURGLARY/ROBBERY Investigation of mail theft offenses are a large part of the Inspection Service's responsibilities and most commonly involve stolen checks, food coupons, or other negotiable securities. Primary attention is directed at major gangs, sophisticated fencing operations, large scale thefts, and the implementation of preventive programs. Burglaries of post offices range from vandalism to high level burglary rings and fencing operations involving organized crime activity. Armed robberies endanger the lives of postal employees and the public and, therefore, are priority investigations. The targets of these crimes usually are postal facilities, vehicles transporting mail, and individual employees, primarily letter carriers. DRUGS Illegal trafficking in drugs, narcotics, and other controlled substances through the mail is investigated in conjunction with other federal and state law enforcement agencies. PORNOGRAPHY The Inspection Service investigates violations of the Postal Obscenity Statue enacted in 1865 which prohibits the sending of obscene materials through the U.S. Mail. This includes the investigation of child pornography offenses involving the sexual abuse of exploitation of children based on laws passed i n 1977 and 1984. BOMBS Investigations of incidents of threats involving bombs and incendiary devices sent through the mails or directed at postal properties or functions are with in the jurisdiction of the Inspection Service. EXTORTION The Inspection Service has investigative responsibility in incidents involvin g use of the mails to extort money or property by threat of injury to person's reputation or by accusing a person of a crime. OTHER PROHIBITED MAILINGS The mailing of poisons or other harmful matter prohibited by law is investigated by Postal Inspectors. Assistance From The Public ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In most cases, the Inspection Service must rely on the watchfulness and alertness of mail recipients to inform them of possible criminal or harmful activity involving the use of the mails. Any suspected violations of postal laws or misuse of the mails should be reported to the local Postmaster for referral to a Postal Inspector. Prompt action on the part of postal customer s and Postal Inspectors is essential in the interest of crime prevention and detection. _____________________________________________________________________________ __ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 10 of 12 PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN P h r a c k W o r l d N e w s PWN PWN ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ PWN PWN Issue XXVII/Part 1 PWN PWN PWN PWN June 20, 2024 PWN PWN PWN PWN Created, Written, and Edited PWN PWN by Knight Lightning PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN Welcome to Issue XXVII of Phrack World News! This issue features articles on SouthernNet's hacker scam, the Florida probation sex incident, bulletin boards in Argentina, fax attacks, computer security, other hacking occurrences, as well as more articles and new information about Kevin David Mitnick (aka Condor), Robert Tappan Morris, Kar l Koch (Hagbard Celine, one of Clifford Stoll's "Wily Hackers"), TRW and Social Security Administration, the National Crime Information (NCIC) "Super Database," and many other fun stories. Because of our temporary exile from Bitnet, this will be the last regular iss ue of Phrack World News until next Fall. Next issue expect to see the full write-up on the details and fun events of SummerCon '89. It is only two days away as of this writing (it kinda begins on Thursday evening for some of us) and it looks to be the best SummerCon ever! A very special thanks goes to Delta Master, Hatchet Molly, and The Mad Hacker who all assisted with this issue's PWN by submitting articles. Hatchet Molly will be serving as a collection agent for Phrack Inc. during the summer. Be sure to forward any news articles to him that seem relevant to PWN and he wil l get them to me (eventually). He can be reached on the wide area networks at; (Hatchet Molly) TK0GRM2@NIU.BITNET TK0GRM2%NIU.BITNET@CUNYVM.CUNY.EDU One other thing to mention here is a special hello to one of our government readers... Peter Edmond Yee of NASA's Ames Research Center. He had recently remarked that he "had access to Phrack!" I wonder if he thought that Phrack Inc. was top secret or hard to get? Still if he wanted it that badly, Taran King and I thought, "Why not make it easier on him and just send it to his network address?" We did :-))) :Knight Lightning "The Real Future Is Behind You... And It's Only The Beginning!" _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Mitnick Plea Bargain Rejected By Judge As Too Lenient April 25, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Excerpts from Kim Murphy (Los Angeles Times) "Mr. Mitnick, you have been engaging in this conduct for too long, and no one has actually punished you. This is the last time you are going to do this." Reportedly U.S. District Judge Mariana Pfaelzer unexpectedly rejected the ple a bargain of Kevin Mitnick, the hacker once called "as dangerous with a keyboar d as a bank robber with a gun." Pfaelzer declared that Mitnick deserves more time behind bars. As reported in recent issues of Phrack World News, "Mitnick pleaded guilty to one count of computer fraud and one count of possessing unauthorized long-distance telephone codes... Mitnick faces one year in prison. Under a plea agreement with the government, he must also submit to three years' supervision by probation officers after his release from prison." On April 24, 2024 Judge Pfaelzer said, "Mr. Mitnick, you have been engaging i n this conduct for too long, and no one has actually punished you. This is the last time you are going to do this." She said a confidential pre-sentence report recommended that she exceed even the 18-month maximum prison term call ed for under mandatory new federal sentencing guidelines. The judge's action voids Mitnick's guilty plea. Both prosecuting and defense attorneys were surprised. Mitnick's attorney sa id he did not know whether his client would agree to a guilty plea carrying a longer prison term. This could make it harder to bring charges against Mitnick's alleged associates. If Mitnick is brought to trial, testimony from at least one of his associates would be required to convict him, and they wou ld not appear as witnesses without receiving immunity from prosecution. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Computer Hacker Working On Another Plea Bargain May 6, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Excerpts from the Los Angeles Herald Examiner Attorneys said yesterday they are negotiating a second plea bargain for computer hacker Kevin Mitnick, whose first offer to plead guilty was scuttled by a judge because it called for too little time in prison. Mitnick, 25, of Panorama City, California offered in March to serve one year in prison and to plead guilty to computer fraud and possessing unauthorized long-distance telephone codes. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Mitnick Update May 10, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Excerpts taken from the Los Angeles Times When last we heard about Kevin Mitnick, the hacker once called "as dangerous with a keyboard as a bank robber with a gun," the judge, Judge Mariana Pfaelzer, had rejected a plea bargain as too lenient, saying Mitnick deserved more than the agreed one year of jail time [see above articles]. According to more recent information, Mitnick has now reached a new agreement , with no agreed-upon prison sentence. He pleaded guilty to stealing a DEC security program and illegal possession of 16 long-distance telephone codes belonging to MCI Telecommunications Corp. The two charges carry a maximum of 15 years and a $500,000 fine. The government agreed to lift telephone restrictions placed on Mitnick since he was jailed in December, 1988. At DEC's request, Mitnick will help the firm identify and fix holes in its security software to protect itself from other hackers. He will also coopera te in the government's probe of Leonard DiCicco, a fellow hacker. (DiCicco is t he "friend" who turned Mitnick in.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Kenneth Siani Speaks Out About Kevin Mitnick May 23, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Kevin Mitnick, the hacker "so dangerous that he can't even be allowed to use a phone." "He could ruin your life with his keyboard." "Armed with a keyboard and considered dangerous." These are some of the things that have been said about this person. All of this media hype would be fine if it just sold newspapers. But it has done mu ch more then just sell a few papers. It has influenced those that will ultimatel y decide his fate. I myself do not know the man, but I have talked to others that do. Including one of the persons that investigated Mitnick. From all I have heard about him, I think he is a slime ball! But even a slime ball shou ld not be railroaded into a prison sentence that others of equal or greater guil t have avoided. I personally feel the man is just a criminal, like the guy that robs a 7/11, no better but certainly not any worse. Unfortunately he is thought of as some kind of a "SUPER HACKER." The head of Los Angeles Police Dept's Computer Cri me Unit is quoted as saying, "Mitnick is several levels above what you would characterize as a computer hacker." No disrespect intended, but a statement like this from the head of a computer crime unit indicates his ignorance on the ability of hackers and phone phreak s. Sure he did things like access and perhaps even altered Police Department criminal records, credit records at TRW Corp, and Pacific Telephone, disconnecting phones of people he didn't like etc. But what is not understoo d by most people outside of the hack/phreak world is that these things are VERY EASY TO DO AND ARE DONE ALL THE TIME. In the hack/phreak community such manipulation of computer and phone systems is all to easy. I see nothing special about his ability to do this. The only thing special about Kevin Mitnick is that he is not a "novice" hacker like most of the thirteen year ol d kids that get busted for hacking/phreaking. It has been a number of years since an "advanced" hacker has been arrested. Not since the days of the Inne r Circle gang have law enforcement authorities had to deal with a hacker workin g at this level of ability. As a general rule, advanced hackers do not get caught because of there activity but rather it is almost always others that turn them in. It is therefore easy to understand why his abilities are perceived as being extraordinary when in fact they are not. Because of all the media hype this case has received I'm afraid that: 1.) He will not be treated fairly. He will be judged as a much greater threat to society then others that have committed similar crimes. 2.) He will become some kind of folk hero. A Jesse James with a keyboard. This will only cause other to follow in his footsteps. I'm not defending him or the things he has done in any sense. All I'm saying is let's be fair. Judge the man by the facts, not the headlines. Disclaimer: The views expressed here are my own. Kenneth Siani, Sr. Security Specialist, Information Systems Div., NYMA Inc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - If you are looking for other articles about Kevin David Mitnick aka Condor please refer to; "Pacific Bell Means Business" (10/06/88) PWN XXI. . .Part 1 "Dangerous Hacker Is Captured" (No Date ) PWN XXII . .Part 1 "Ex-Computer Whiz Kid Held On New Fraud Counts" (12/16/88) PWN XXII . .Part 1 "Dangerous Keyboard Artist" (12/20/88) PWN XXII . .Part 1 "Armed With A Keyboard And Considered Dangerous"(12/28/88) PWN XXIII. .Part 1 "Dark Side Hacker Seen As Electronic Terrorist" (01/08/89) PWN XXIII. .Part 1 "Mitnick Plea Bargains" (03/16/89) PWN XXV. . .Part 1 _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Computer Intrusion Network in Detroit May 25, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Taken from the San Jose Mercury News (Knight-Ridder News Service) DETROIT -- Secret Service agents smashed what they described as a costly, sophisticated computer intrusion network on Wednesday, May 24, and were surprised to discover it made up largely of teen-agers. The computer systems of more than 20 companies including the Michigan Department of Treasury, Home Box Office cable television services, [and RCA] were infiltrated, according to agents serving search warrants across the country. Federal officials said the infiltrations by the network represented fraud of $200,000 to $1.5 million in appropriated goods, telephone and computer time. Agents expected to arrest some adults when they swept down on eight people wh o allegedly ran the network in several states. Instead, they found only one adult, in Chicago. The rest were teen-agers as young as 14: Two in Columbus , Ohio; two in Boston, Massachusetts; two in Sterling Heights, Michigan [The Outsider and The Untouchable]; and one in Atlanta, Georgia. Agents expected to make another arrest in Los Angeles. Officials said at least 55 other people nationwide made use of the network's information. In Sterling Heights, Secret Service agents pulled two eighth-grader boys, bot h 14, out of school and questioned them in the presence of their parents, who apparently were unaware of their activities. James Huse, special agent in charge of the U.S. Secret Service office in Detroit, said the youths admitted involvement in the scheme. He said the eight-graders, because they are juveniles, cannot be charged unde r federal law and will be dealt with by local juvenile authorities. Authorities believe the mastermind is Lynn Doucett, 35, of Chicago. She was arrested Wednesday, May 24, and is cooperating with authorities, Huse said. Doucett, who was convicted in Canada of telecommunications fraud, supports herself and two children through her computer intrusion activities, which include using stolen or counterfeit credit cards for cash advances or money orders, according to an affidavit filed in U.S. District Court. If convicted, she faces up to 10 years in prison and a $250,000 fine. Special Thanks to Jedi For Additional Information _____________________________________________________________________________ __ HR 1504 -- Beeper Abuse Prevention Act May 22, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Pagers Don't Commit Crimes, Congressmen Do." The fools in congress assembled are at it again. Three years in jail for selling a pager to a minor? If you didn't believe when Abbie Hoffman said th at the drug hysteria was just an excuse for more control of the citizens, think again. In USA Today was a "face-off" on the issues. According to this article, Representative Kweisi Mfume (D-Md) says the following: "The drug business is using the latest technology to promote its deadly trade. One such advance, the paging device, or beeper, is now appearing in classrooms and schoolyards. I have introduced the Beeper Abuse Prevention Act to curtail the use of beepers by young people who deal drugs. It would require the Federal Communications Commission to prescribe regulations that would restrict the possession and use of paging devices by persons under age 21. Law officers say dealers and suppliers send coded messages via beeper to youths in school. The codes translate into messages like "meet me at our regular place after class to pick up the drugs." Drug traffickers are even using 800 numbers now available with regional paging services. A supplier could actually conduct a transaction in Baltimore from Miami, for example. My bill, H.R. 1504, would require any person selling or renting paging devices to verify the identification and age of every customer; encourage parents and businesses to take more responsibility in their children's or employees' activities; make it unlawful for a person to knowingly and willfully rent, sell or use paging devices in violation of rules prescrived by the FCC (there are provisions for stiff fines and up to three-year prison terms for adults who illegally provide beepers to youths); and require parents or businesses who allow the use of beepers to state that intention with and affidavit at the time of purchase." He goes on to say that he recognizes that there are legitimate uses of beeper s, but we can no longer stand by and watch drugs flow into our neighborhoods. T he opposite side is taken by Lynn Scarlett, from Santa Monica, CA. She asks wha t beepers have to do with the drug trade, and regulating their use will not put a dent it it. She also says that there is little evidence that gun control kee ps guns out of the hands of gangsters, and it will take a good dose of wizardry to keep beepers away from bad guys. She finishes with: "The logic of the Beeper Abuse Prevention Act opens the door for laws to make us sign promises that we won't, we swear, use these things for illicit acts when we buy them. De Tocqueville, that eminent observer of our nation, warned that our loss of freedom would sneak in through passage of quiet, seemingly innocuous and well-intended laws -- laws like H.R. 1504. _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Computer Threat Research Association (UK) March 31, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ For those of you interested an umbrella organization has been established in the United Kingdom to coordinate information on, and research into, all aspec ts of computer security. In the first instance one of the organization's primar y concerns will be combatting the threat posed by computer viruses by acting as a clearing house for virus information and control software. Below is a copy of an initial letter mailed to prospective members: The Computer Threat Research Association The computer threat research association, CoTra is a non-profit making organization that exists to research, analyze, publicize and find solutions for threats to the integrity and reliability of computer systems. The issue that caused the formation of CoTra was the rise of the computer virus. This problem has since become surrounded by fear, uncertainty and doubt. To the average user, the computer virus and its implications are a worry of an unknown scale. To a few unfortunates whose systems have become victims, it is a critical issue. The key advantage of CoTra membership will be access to advice and informatio n. Advice will be provided through publications, an electronic conference (a closed conference for CoTra's members has been created on the Compulink CIX system) as well as other channels such as general postings direct to members when a new virus is discovered. CoTra membership will be available on a student, full or corporate member basis. All software that is held by CoTra that enhances system reliability, such as virus detection and removal software, will be available to all member s. It is intended to establish discounts with suppliers of reliability tools and services. A library of virus sources and executables and other dangerous research material will be made available to members who have a demonstrable need. A register of consultants who have specific skills in the systems reliability field will be published by CoTra and reviews of reliability enhancing softwar e will be produced. Your support of CoTra will ensure that you have the earliest and most accurat e information about potential threats to your computer systems. CoTra, The Computer Threat Research Association, c/o 144 Sheerstock, Haddenham, Bucks. HP17 8EX _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Strange Customs Service Clock Department May 1, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Written by Vanessa Jo Grimm (Goverment Computer News)(Page 6) The U.S. attorney for Washington is reviewing an allegation that a Customs Service official violated the Computer Security Act [PL 100-235 presumably] b y altering a computer's internal clock. Treasury Department Inspector General Michael R. Hill referred the allegation to the prosecutor after an investigation into year-end spending by Custom officials at the close of Fiscal Year 1988. The allegation involves an official who may have authorized altering the date maintained by the computer s that the agency uses for procurement documents, according to Maurice S. Moody , the Inspector General's audit director for Financial Management Service. Moody recently told the House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight the computers are part of the agency's Automated Commercial System. He declined to provide Government Computer News with more details. Allegedly the computer clock was rolled back during the first three days of October of 1988 so that $41.8 million in procurement obligations would be dat ed in September against fiscal year 1988 appropriations, Moody said. An inspector general report issued in late February concluded Customs had not violated any procurement laws. The inspector general's investigation is continuing, however. "Doesn't $41.8 million worth of procurement on the last day of the fiscal yea r bother anybody?" asked Rep. Richard T. Shulze (R-Pa). The purchases did both er the inspector general, Moody said, and this concern led to getting the United State attorney attorney. "This problem is endemic in the federal government, " he said. "Year-end spending is very common." William F. Riley, Customs controller, said he knew about the rollback, but he and Deputy Commissioner Michael H. Lane refused to say who authorized the action... Subcommittee members continued to press Riley and Lane. "Is the person still at Customs?" asked subcommittee chairman J. J. Pickle (D-Texas). He is working full time and in the position he was at the time," Lane answere d. Rep. Beryl F. Anthony, Jr. (D-Ark) asked how Riley became aware of the rollback. "He (the official who authorized the rollback) told me that it was going to be done," Riley said. Rep. Pickle suggested that a high ranking official would have to authorize su ch an action, but Counsel advised Lane not to reply. He did say neither he nor Commissioner von Raab had made the decision. The balance of the article deals with the actions of Linda Gibbs, who became aware of the incident and reported it to the inspector general after being unable to stop the action. Gibbs also alleged that the action was intended t o use available year-end money to cover cost overrun on a contract with Northro p Corp. She also alleged that she had been reassigned and given no new duties. _____________________________________________________________________________ __ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 11 of 12 PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN P h r a c k W o r l d N e w s PWN PWN ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ PWN PWN Issue XXVII/Part 2 PWN PWN PWN PWN June 20, 2024 PWN PWN PWN PWN Created, Written, and Edited PWN PWN by Knight Lightning PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN Robert T. Morris Suspended From Cornell May 25, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Taken from the New York Times Cornell University has suspended the graduate student identified by school officials as the author of "the Internet worm." In a May 16th letter to Robert Tappan Moris, age 23, the dean of the Cornell University Graduate School said a university panel had found him guilty of violating the school's Code of Academic Integrity. He will be suspended until the beginning of the fall semester of 1990, and th en could reapply. No criminal charges have been filed against Morris. A federal grand jury thi s year forwarded its recommendations to the Justice Department, which has not taken any action. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Justice Department Wary in Computer Case May 28, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ by Matthew Spina (Syracuse Herald-American) "Is Washington Fearful Of Losing A Landmark Trial?" Some computer experts theorize that the Justice Department, afraid of bunglin g what could become a landmark computer case, still doesn't know how to treat t he Cornell student whose computer worm slithered nationwide in November, 1988. A further concern in Washington: A trial in the case might embarrass the Department of Defense if its scientists are asked to detail how their compute rs were among the thousands crippled by the worm. For several months, the decision on how to charge 23-year-old Robert T. Morri s, Jr. had been before Mark Richard, a deputy assistant attorney general. Withi n the last few weeks, Richard made a decision that now is being reviewed by an assistant attorney general, according to a computer professional who has been talking with the Justice Department. "I thought we would have heard something from Washington by now," said Andrew Baxtoer, the assistant U.S. attorney who in November and December presented t he case to a grand jury in Syracuse. The grand jury's report was sent on the the Justice Department, which refuses to comment publicly on the matter because Morris has not been indicted. "Within the next two weeks I assume that a decision will be made," said one official. "If they decide to begin an expensive trial, they have to make sure they win so as not to damage future attempts to prosecute under that law," said Eugene H. Spafford, an assistant professor at Purdue University whose analysis of the worm has helped federal investigators. "If they decide not to prosecute, and the total thing that happens is he gets suspended (from Cornell), I will be outraged." So far, Cornell has taken the only disciplinary measure against Morris, suspending him for the 1989-90 academic year. But the graduate student left the computer science department early in November, the day after the worm spread out of a computer in Upson Hall. Morris, a computer science graduate student, has been called the author of a rogue computer program, called a worm, that was spread from a Cornell University computer. The program was designed to reproduce and infect any computer linked to the Internet, a network shared by colleges, research cente rs and military institutions. However, experts say an error caused the program to replicate out of control, sending thousands of copies into thousands of computers. If Morris is to be charged with a felony, prosecutors would then have to show he intended to destroy or extract information. Proving that would be difficult since the program neither destroyed nor remov ed information from any computer. To convict Morris on most lesser charges, prosecutors would have to show he intended to harm computers. Prosecutors also could use a misdemeanor charge requiring them to prove only that Morris gained access to a federal government computer. The worm did reac h computers at the Army Ballistics Research Laboratory and NASA's Langley Research Center, among others. Some computer experts wonder, though, if Defense Department officials will be reluctant to testify publicly about how their computers were penetrated -- ev en those computers holding non-classified information. In February, at a compute r convention in San Diego, Defense Department computer experts detailed some security improvements made to the network since November, but then refused to release copies of their presentation to people at the seminar. The FBI -- which enforces the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 -- and som e people in the computer industry are pushing for a vigorous prosecution to display a strong case against computer hacking. Others in the industry, including some of Morris' friends from Harvard University and Cornell, urge leniency because he was trying to demonstrate security flaws with computers. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Other articles about Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. and the Internet Worm are; "Computer Network Disrupted By 'Virus'" (11/03/88) PWN XXII/Part 2 "Virus Attack" (11/06/88) PWN XXII/Part 2 "The Computer Jam: How It Came About" (11/08/88) PWN XXII/Part 2 "US Is Moving To Restrict {...} Virus" (11/11/88) PWN XXII/Part 2 * "FBI Studies Possible Charges In Virus" (11/12/88) PWN XXII/Part 2 "Big Guns Take Aim At Virus" (11/21/88) PWN XXII/Part 3 "Congressman Plan Hearings On Virus" (11/27/88) PWN XXII/Part 3 "Pentagon Severs Military {...} Virus" (11/30/88) PWN XXII/Part 3 * "Networks Of Computers At Risk From Invaders" (12/03/88) PWN XXII/Part 4 * "Computer Virus Eradication Act of 1988" (12/05/88) PWN XXII/Part 4 * "Breaking Into Computers {...}, Pure and Simple" (12/04/88) PWN XXIV/Part 1 * "Cornell Panel Concludes Morris {...} Virus" (04/06/89) PWN XXVI/Part 1 * - Indicates that the article was not directly related to Robert Morris, but did discuss him as well as the Internet Worm incident. _____________________________________________________________________________ __ SouthernNet's Anti-Hacker Psychological Con Game April 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ WARNING! Your call is being intercepted! Error: Setting may not be changed by callers. Welcome to: S o u t h e r n N e t I n c. You have reached the SouthernNet Fraud Department, the authorization code you are attempting to use is not valid. Hacking and illegal use of codes are violations of state and federal laws. We are currently conducting an investigaion for code abuse in your area and w e are coordinating the investigation with law enforcement authorities. Persons identified hacking or abusing codes will be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. I'll see you soon, Hacker Tracker - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hold for additional information: Hacker Tracker is unavailable right now; however, you may avoid possible arre st and/or prosecution by calling Hacker Tracker in person. You may contact Mr. Tracker between the hours of 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM Eastern Standard Time, Monday - Friday, simply by dialing the access number you have just used and code number 101010 or 011010 if the access you have used requires a seven digit code. Just hold the line for 10 seconds and your call will automatically be routed to Mr. Tracker at no charge to you. This is *NOT* a trick and it will be the intention of SouthernNet Inc. to settle this matter without involving law enforcement authorities if you cooperate with our fraud department 100%. It will certainly be to your advantage to contact Mr. Tracker as this will reflect your own decision to assist and avoid prosecution by our company!!! I'll be expecting your call. Hacker Tracker Hold a sec... Engaging Auto Page for Hacker Tracker... 50 seconds till disconnect 40 seconds till disconnect 30 seconds till disconnect 20 seconds till disconnect 10 seconds till disconnect 5 seconds till disconnect NO CARRIER [Do you think anyone believed this and actually called "Hacker Tracker?" -KL ] _____________________________________________________________________________ __ What's Happening: Computer Security Up June 4, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Taken from Gannett Westchester Newspapers [Comments in brackets from Delta-Master] High-tech companies are spending 64% more [than they previously spent] on computer security, according to a recent survey conducted by the National Center for Computer Crime Data in Los Angeles. The group surveyed 3,500 law enforcement agencies and computer security experts about computer crime. The prosecution rate is also up -- 6.4% in 1988 from only 2.4% during 1987. Contrary to popular image, computer hackers aren't always young boys. The study found that 32% of those arrested for computer crimes were female, while only 14% were under 21. The study said 45% of hackers were 25 to 30 years ol d. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Comments from Delta-Master ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I do not know about you people, but the public's confusion about hackers star ts to bother me when they make errors. Seriously, I know of only a few hackers over the age of 21. The fact that the newspapers also equate the thug-like computer criminals with the mastermind-criminal type hacker (you guys) is als o pretty annoying, wouldn't you agree? One key phrase you must note: "32% OF THOSE ARRESTED." Oh well, such are the mistakes of newspapers. _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Public Service Commission Bans Operator Companies April 24, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ By Jerri Stroud (St. Louis Post-Dispatch) The Missouri Public Service Commission voted 4-1 last week to ban providers o f so-called alternative operator services in Missouri because allowing the companies to operate is "not in the public interest." Alternative operator services companies contract with hotels, motels colleges , hospitals, airports, restaurants and other facilities to provide operator assistance to customers using pay telephones or house phones. Consumer group s have complained about price-gouging by the companies nationwide. Mark Wheatley, a lawyer for the Office of Public Council, praised the commission's decision. The Office of Public Council has received numerous complaints about excessive rates and surcharges by alternative operator services companies, said Wheatle y. Some alternative operator services companies also have accepted other companies' credit cards without authorization from the companies issuing the cards, he said. "We feel that it's an extremely important decision by the commission." said Wheatley. But he said he expects the companies affected by the ruling to appeal. Lawyers for the alternative operator services companies could not be reached for comment. In it's ruling, the commission said many consumers aren't aware of the rates charged by the alternative operator services companies until they receive "a bill for operator services at prices higher than those to which he is accustomed." Consumer groups say the rates often are twice or three times th e rates charged by better-known long-distance companies. Even if an operator service company identifies itself when a consumer makes a call, the commission said many consumers don't understand the significance of the identification. "If the end user is not educated as to the intricacies of using an alternativ e operator services provider, he does not truly have a meaningful choice..." th e commission said. The ruling only affects intrastate calls handled by alternative operator services companies, but it may effectively prevent the companies from providi ng interstate service as well. The commission specifically denied tariff requests from International Telecharge Inc. and American Operator Services Inc. The commission also directed three other companies -- Teleconnect Inc., Dial US, and Dial USA -- to file new tariffs consistent with the ruling. The ruling allows companies to operate who provide operator services in connection with their business -- long-distance carriers and local telephone companies, for example. But the commission also placed limits on these companies. Under the ruling, operator services companies must: * Identify themselves to the caller as well as to the party being billed by the call (in the case of a collect or third-party call). * Quote rates to the caller or billed party on request, without charge. * Use calling card verification procedures acceptable to the companies issuing the cards. * Post in a prominent position the company's name, detailed complaint procedures and instruction on how to reach the local telephone company operator and other long-distance carriers. * Transfer emergency traffic to the local telephone company or American Telephone & Telegraph Co. until the alternative services provider can show that it can handle emergency calls adequately. _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Fax Attack May 13, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~ Taken from The Ann Arbor News "Governor's Attempt To Ban Unsolicited Advertisements Backfires!" HARTFORD, Conn - The great fax attack of 1989 -- an all-out lobbying campaign against a bill banning unsolicited facsimile advertising -- may have backfire d when the governor's fax machine was jammed for hours with unwanted messages. Starting Thursday, May 11, and continuing Friday, May 12, Governor William A. O'Neill's fax machine has been beeping constantly, spitting out unwanted messages from angry businesses that advertise by fax. The businesses oppose a bill now awaiting O'Neill's signature that would prohibit them from marketing their products by fax without first obtaining th e permission of the recipient. Violators would face a $200 fine. Starting Thursday morning, dozens of Connecticut businesses faxed to O'Neill' s office a form letter arguing against the fax ban. The stream of fax messages was so constant (40 came in before 10 AM) that the governor's office turned o ff the fax machine Thursday (May 11). O'Neill's press secretary, Jon. L. Sandberg, said the governor still hasn't decided whether he will sign the bill. But aides to the governor said the persistent lobbying campaign proved how annoying unwanted messages can be. T he inconvenience was compounded because the governor's office was unable to use its fax machine to receive information about spring flooding around the state . _____________________________________________________________________________ __ NYNEX Announces Info-Look Gateway April 28, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Introducing a new service for accessing information and more... all through your personal computer! Starting in May 1989, New York Telephone's INFO-LOOK (tm) Gateway Service can be your link to accessing a variety of information, products and services. The INFO-LOOK Gateway simplifies on-line computer access to a variety of information providers. When you call the Gateway phone number through your modem, you'll be able to scan a menu of information services. The types of information services you may choose from include: Entertainment , business, health, food, news, weather, sports, travel, government, educationa l and reference information. The services, some interactive, are provided by independent companies. The INFO-LOOK Gateway is easy to use -- even if you're relatively new to usin g a PC. What you'll need to use the INFO-LOOK Gateway 1. Virtually any type of personal computer. 2. A modem (300, 1200, or 2400 Baud), and communications software. This enables your computer to communicate with other computers via the telepho ne system. 3. A New York Telephone Calling Card. If you need a New York Telephone Calling Card, (it's FREE), call your service representative whose number appears on page one of your New York Telephone bill. Charges for using the INFO-LOOK Gateway There are ** no ** Gateway enrollment fees and ** no ** monthly subscription charges. In most cases, you will be charged (New York people only): o A local call to reach the INFO-LOOK Gateway. o While you're browsing the Gateway directory of services, or moving between services, you pay $.05 a minute. o Once you connect to a service, the charge is determined by the Service Provider. Some services have a per-minute usage charge. Some services ar e free. The charges for each service are listed in the Gateway menu. You'll find most charges itemized on your monthly New York Telephone bill. Some Service Providers may decide to bill you separately and directly for use of their services. Call for more information: To get your free INFO-LOOK Gateway information booklet call (toll- free) 1-800-338-2720, Ext. 20, any day from 9 a.m. to 11 p.m. Note: New York Telephone does not provide or control the services offered through the INFO-LOOK Gateway Service. They are provided by independe nt companies, which are responsible for the content, character, and quali ty of their services. The predictions run $5 billion now and another $5-10 billion by 1991. [INFO-LOOK is already operating in Bell South and Bell Atlantic.] _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Pacific Bell Plans Access To Computers June 9, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Taken from Santa Cruz Sentinel (Section B) SAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- Pacific Bell said Thursday it hopes to compete with the popularity of television by offering people easy access to computerized libraries, bulletin boards and the use of electronic mail. PacBell's California On-line -- which will be available to anybody with a personal computer, telephone and calling card -- will be among the first in t he nation to use a graphic-based system that simplifies procedures so only a rudimentary familiarity with computers is needed. "It's going to offer our customers a supplement to their current leisure activities... and among other things we've seen (in trials) a lot of people who got away from the TV," said Roger P. Conrad, director of Videotex Gateway Services. "We feel this is a more productive way for people to spend their lives and we think a lot of users are going to agree," he added. Users will pay "info-entrepreneurs" fees based on the time they use various services and wil l be billed on their monthly telephone statements. Unlike some on-line information services, users do not have to subscribe ahead of time. Conrad said the types of services are limited only by vendors' imaginations. PacBell will make money by selling telecommunication line use to the companie s. _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Bulletin Boards Of Argentina June 5, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Country Code = 54 (Argentina) City Code = 1 (Buenos Aires) This list might be slightly incorrect due to the passage of time. The last update was on December 23, 2024. Name Hours Of Operation ======= Number= ---- Beta 23:00 - 6:30 802-0288 C-Mania 21:00 - 7:00 362-8843 CBM 16:00 - 12:00 90-4988 Century 21 24 hours 632-7070 Cerebruss 24 hours 47-2717 Cerebruss Information ? 48-8300 48-9886 Databank ? 44-9760 Drean Conection ? 953-2523 Los Pinos 13:00 - 19:00 21-0375 Magenta ? 392-0124 Magenta ? 392-0016 Maxes 23:00 - 7:00 542-2695 Mendieta 22:00 - 8:00 654-6999 Pirates Cove 24:00 - 6:00 783-5023 Sanctuary 24:00 - 3:00 641-4608 Soft-work 22:30 - 9:00 88-2065 TCConection 19:00 - 12:00 22-4197 The Connection 24 Hours 82-5780 The Hacker 23:00 - 7:00 748-2005 Tiger ? 784-2226 XCASA ? 611-8136 BBS-IOM 24 Hours 804-3602 Note: The settings for all systems listed above are Even, 7, 1. Contributed by Noli _____________________________________________________________________________ __ ==Phrack Inc.== Volume Three, Issue 27, File 12 of 12 PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN P h r a c k W o r l d N e w s PWN PWN ~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~ PWN PWN Issue XXVII/Part 3 PWN PWN PWN PWN June 20, 2024 PWN PWN PWN PWN Created, Written, and Edited PWN PWN by Knight Lightning PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN PWN One of Cliff Stoll's "Wily Hackers" Is Dead (Suicide?) June 5, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ According to West German publications, the "Wily Hacker" Karl Koch, of Hannover, West Germany, died Friday, June 3, probably by suicide. His body w as found burnt (with gasoline) to death, in a forest near Celle (a West German town near Hannover where he committed his hacks, as had been observed by Germ an Post). Koch was one of the 2 hackers who confessed their role in the KGB hack to the public prosecutors, therewith bringing the case to public attention. As Germ an newspapers report, he probably suffered from a psychic disease: He thought h e was permanently observed by alien beings named Illimunates' which tried to ki ll him. Probably, he had internalized the role of "Captain Hagbard" (his pseudonym in the hacking scene), taken from a U.S. book, who (like him) suffered from supervision by the Illuminates. Police officials evidently thin k that Koch committed suicide (though it is believed, that there are "some circumstances" which may also support other theories; no precise information about such moments are reported). According to German police experts, Karl Koch's role in the KGB case as in daily life can properly be understood when reading this unknown book. Information Provided by Klaus Brunnstein (University of Hamburg) [Illuminates... KGB... whatever... -K L] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Illuminatus! June 14, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The book in question is believed to be "Illuminatus!" by Harold Shea and Robe rt Anton Wilson. The book is a spoof on conspiracy theories, and suggests that many and probably all human institutions are just fronts for a small group of "enlightened ones," who are themselves a front for the Time dwarves from Reticuli Zeta, or perhaps Atlantean Adepts, remnants of Crowley's Golden Dawn , or even more likely the Lloigor of H.P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. A leadin g character in this book is named Hagbard Celine. "Illuminatus!" is a fun read if you like psychedelia and paranoia. It also seems to have influenced a lot of subsequent work, most notably Adams' "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy." It is easy to see how an unbalanced mind , taking it literally, could be completely absorbed. In fact "Illuminatus!" seems as if it was written with the intent of just this sort of programming, referring to it as "Operation Mindfuck." This is probably not a real danger for the vast majority of sane adults, but it may, tragically, have been the case here. Or perhaps, no disrespect intended , Koch may in the course of various hacks really have discovered too much about the Illuminati. After all, they are supposed to be the secret power behind t he KGB :-) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For more information on Clifford Stoll and the Wily Hackers of West Germany, please see: "Who Is Clifford Stoll?" (No Date) Phrack World News issue XXII/Part 1 "A Message From Clifford Stoll" (1/10/89) Phrack World News issue XXIII/Part 2 And the following articles all found in Phrack World News issue XXV/Part 2: "German Hackers Break Into Los Alamos and NASA" (3/2/89) "Computer Espionage: Three 'Wily Hackers' Arrested" (3/2/89) "Computer Spy Ring Sold Top Secrets To Russia" (3/3/89) "KGB Computer Break-Ins Alleged In West Germany" (3/3/89) "News From The KGB/Wily Hackers" (3/7/89) _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Sex Put On Probation By Mystery Hacker June 13, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Ft. Lauderdale News and Sun-Sentinel "Yes, you sound very sexy, but I really need a probation officer." DELRAY BEACH, Fla. -- Callers trying to dial a probation office in Delray Beach, Fla on Monday, June 12, heard a smorgasbord of sex talk from a panting woman named Tina instead. Southern Bell telephone officials said a computer hacker reprogrammed their equipment over the weekend, routing overflow calls intended for the local probation office to a New York-based phone sex line. "People are calling the Department of Corrections and getting some kind of se x palace," said Thomas Salgluff, a spokesman for the Palm Beach County probatio n office. Southern Bell officials said it was the first time their switching equipment has been reprogrammed by an outside computer intruder. Southern Bell provides local telephone service in Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. "We're very alarmed," said Southern Bell spokesman Buck Passmore. He said su ch a feat would require someone with considerable computer knowledge. The implications of such a computer breach are considerable. Intercepting corporate communications, uncovering unlisted phone numbers, and tampering wi th billing information are all plausible consequences of computer security breaches at the the phone company. Hackers have invaded Southern Bell in the past, but they have never reprogrammed a telephone link, Passmore said. Security technicians from Southern Bell and AT&T are trying to trace the sour ce of the computer breach, Passmore said. _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Hacking For A Competitive Edge May 12, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Taken from the Los Angeles Times Two former Tampa, FLA TV news managers have been charged with illegally tappi ng into phone lines and computers at another station to gain a news edge over their competitors. Former new director Terry Cole and assistant news directo r Michael Shapiro at WTSP-TV have been charged with 17 counts of computer hacki ng and conspiracy in the theft of information from WTVT-TV through computer phon e lines, authorities said. Their arraignment was set for May 19. If convicted, each could face a maximum prison sentence of 85 years. The two were fired from WTSP when the station learned of the alleged thefts. The break-ins began in November, 1988, but were not noticed until January 12, 198 9, when WTVT's morning news producer noticed that files were missing, authoritie s said. Computer experts determined that an intruder had rifled the files. Authoriti es said Shapiro knew WTVT's security system thoroughly because he had helped set it up while working there as an assignment manager before being hired away fr om WTVT in October. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - TV News Executives Fired After Hacking Charges From Rival ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tampa, Fla. -- A Florida television station fired two news executives in the wake of reports that one of them allegedly penetrated a rival station's computer system and stole sensitive information. WTSP-TV (Channel 10), an ABC affiliate in St. Petersburg, announced that it h ad fired Assistant News Director Michael Shapiro and News Director Terry Cole. Shapiro was arrested on February 7th on felony charges for allegedly breaking into a computer system at WTVT-TV (Channel 13) on at least six occasions in January. He was once employed by WTVT as an assistant manager and was responsible for administering the station's computer systems. Law enforcement officials seized from Shapiro's home a personal computer, 200 floppy disks and an operating manual and user guide for software used at the rival station. He has been charged with 14 felony counts under Florida Statute 815, which covers computer-related crimes. Each count carries a maximum sentence senten ce of 15 years and a $10,000 fine. Vince Barresi, WSTP's vice-president and general manager, refused to comment on the two firings. However, in a prepared statement, he said that he told viewers during an 11 PM newscast last Tuesday that the station acted to "avoi d any questions about the objective way we do our business in keeping the publi c informed." Cole, who hired Shapiro last September, has not been charged by Florida law enforcement officials. He was fired, according to one source, because as director of the news room operations, he is held ultimately for the actions o f news staffers. Shapiro and Cole were unavailable for comment. [Another story that discussed this case was "Television Editor Charged In Rai d On Rival's Files" (February 8, 2024). It appeared in Phrack World News Issue XXIV/Part 2. -KL] _____________________________________________________________________________ __ National Crime Information Center Leads To Repeat False Arrest May 14, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ by James Rainey (Los Angeles Times) Mix ups with the databases at the NCIC have caused Roberto Perales Hernandez to be jailed twice in the last three years as a suspect in a 1985 Chicago residential burglary. The authorities confused him with another Roberto Hernandez due to a single entry in the FBI's National Crime Information Cente r computer. The two Roberto Hernandezes are the same height, about the same weight, have brown hair, brown eyes, tattoos on their left arms, share the same birthday, and report Social Security numbers which differ by only one digit! The falsely imprisoned man has filed suit charging the Hawthorne, California Police Department, Los Angeles County, and the state of California with false imprisonment, infliction of emotional distress, and civil rights violations stemming from the most recent arrest last year. He had previously received a $7,000 settlement from the county for holding hi m 12 days in 1986 before realizing he was the wrong man. In the latest inciden t, he was held for seven days then freed with no explanation. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Another False Incarceration May 18, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ In his testimony on May 18, 2024 to the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary of the U.S. House of Representatives, relating to the National Crime Information Center, David D. Redell cited another case of false incarceration concerning Roberto Perales Hernandez as well as various cases noted earlier -- such as that of Terry Dea n Rogan [see below]: "Only last week, a case in California demonstrated the potential benefit of easy access to stored images. Joseph O. Robertson had been arrested, extradited, charged, and sent to a state mental facility for 17 months. During that entire time, mug shots and fingerprints were already on file showing clearly that he was the wrong man, but no one had taken the trouble to check them." - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - These articles show clear examples of the damage and problems caused by this "super" database. People like William Bayse (Federal Bureau of Investigation 's Director For Technical Services) and William Sessions (Director of the FBI) either fail to realize this or perhaps they just do not care (as long as something similar does not happen to them). For those of you who are interested in looking into this further, the first article about this NCIC database was; "'Big Brotherish' Data Base Assailed," (November 21, 2024). It appeared in Phrack World News Issue XXII/Part 3. Another incident similar to the cases mentioned above concerned Richard Lawrence Sklar, a political science professor at the University of California at Los Angeles. He was mistaken by the computer for a fugitive wanted in a real estate scam in Arizona. Before the FBI figured out that they had the incorrect person, Sklar, age 58, spent two days being strip searched, herded from one holding pen to another, and handcuffed to gang members and other violent offenders. For more details on this case and the case concerning Ter ry Dean Rogan, please refer to "FBI National Crime Information Center Data Bank, " (February 13, 2024) which appeared in Phrack World News Issue XXIV/Part 2 (as well as the Washington Post). _____________________________________________________________________________ __ TRW and Social Security Administration May 12, 19 89 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The credit bureau of TRW has been working with the Social Security Administration to verify its database of 140 million names and Social Securit y numbers. In order to cover the cost, TRW is paying the Social Security Administration $1 million, while Social Security Administration will provide a matching $1 million. Since the Social Security Administration is asking for a budget increase for their computer and telecommunications systems, several legislators are outrag ed by the fact they they are spending $1 million for this non-government project . Claiming that the project is "as far away from the mission of the Social Security Administration as anything I have ever come across," Senator David Pryor (D-Ark) questioned the competence and credibility of Social Security Administration Commissioner Dorcas R. Hardy and asked for an investigation by the HHS inspector general. In addition, several lawmakers such as Dale Bumpers (D-Ark) believe the proje ct to be a violation of civil liberties. Said Bumpers, "I don't like any public institution releasing an individual's private information." The American Law Division of the Congressional Research Service has already concluded that the project is a violation of the Privacy Act of 1974. [A related article, "Verifying Social Security Numbers," (April 11, 2024) appeared in Phrack World News Issue XXVI/Part 3 (as well as the New York Time s on the same date). -KL] _____________________________________________________________________________ __ Phrack World News XXVII Quicknotes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1. The current name assigned to the new network being created by the merger of BITNET and CSNET is ONENET. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 2. NPA 903 Assigned to NE Texas (May 10, 2024) -- It was just announced that those portions of 214 outside Dallas will be changed to 903 in the Fall o f 1990. With 708 assigned to Chicago, 903 assigned to Texas, and 908 assigned to New Jersey, only 909 and 917 remain to be assigned before the format changes. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 3. Details On New Area Code 510 (June 6, 2024) -- The press release from Pacific Bell, quoted in the San Francisco Chronicle, gives the phase-in dates for the new NPA 510. Inception is scheduled for October 7, 2024, with a four-month grace perio d when NPA 415 will still work for the affected numbers. Final cutover is scheduled for January 27, 2024. NPA 510 will encompass Alameda and Contra Costa counties, which currently have 842,388 customers out of the current 2,005,687 customers in NPA 415. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 4. New Jersey Area Code To Be Split (April 27, 2024) -- The split is not supposed to occur until 1991. The new NPA will be 908 and it will basical ly cover the southern "half" of the current 201 area. The affected counties will be Warren, Hunterdon, Middlesex, Union, Monmouth and Ocean, and the southwest corner of Morris). Counties remaining in 201 will be Sussex, Passaic, Bergen, Essex, Hudson, and the majority of Morris. New Jersey Bell will also start requiring area codes on calls into New Yor k and Pennsylvania that have been considered part of New Jersey local callin g areas. This will apparently take effect October 2 and free up about 25 exchanges. Information from the Asbury Park Press. [This last line somewhat contradicts the first line as far as the dates are concerned. More information as we get it. -- KL.] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 5. New Area Codes For London (April 27, 2024) -- British Telecom has announce d that the area code for London is to be changed on May 6th, 1990, due to th e increased number of lines needed in the capital. The existing code is 01-, and the new codes to be introduced are 071- for the centre of the city and 081- for the suburbs. A list was published in the Evening Standard, showing which exchanges will fall in which area. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 6. Member Learns The Hard Way: American Express Is Watching (May 4, 2024) - - This article taken from the San Jose Mercury News describes how American Express called a member to voice their concern that he might not be able to pay his recent bill. American Express was able to access his checking account and find that he had less than what was owed to them. His card w as temporarily "deactivated" after the member refused to give any financial information except that he would pay up the bill with cash when it came i n. Apparently, the card application, in finer print, declares that "[America n Express reserves] the right to access accounts to ascertain whether you a re able to pay the balance." After some arguments with the company, the member comments that "I learned a lesson: My life is not as private as I thought." ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 7. Southwestern Bell's QuickSource (April 24, 2024) -- Southwestern Bell Telephone Company is running a one year trial (March 1989 89 - March 1990 ) of two information services: QuickSource (audiotex) and Sourceline (videotext). The latter requires a terminal of some type, but the former only requires a touch-tone phone for access. The QuickSource number is 323-2000, but cannot be accessed via 1+713+; SWBTCo has blocked access to "the Houston metro area served by SWBTCo," according to the script the woman reads to you when ask for help (713-865-5777; not blocked). The he lp desk will send you a free QuickSource directory though. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 8. Telemail, MCI, AT&T Mail Interconnection (May 16, 2024) -- U.S. Sprint's subsidiary, Telenet has announced an interconnection agreement between Telemail, Telenet's electronic mail product, MCI Mail, and AT&T Mail. The new arrangement, scheduled to be in effect later this summer, will allow the 300,000 worldwide users of Telemail, the 100,000 users of MCI Mail and the 50,000 users of AT&T Mail to conveniently send email message s to each other. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 9. Illinois Bell Knocked Out For Four Hours! (May 18,2020) -- Service to ove r 40,000 Illinois Bell subscribers in the northwest suburbs of Chicago was disrupted for about four hours because of problems with the computer in t he switching center. Phones were either dead or inoperative for incoming and outgoing calls between 9:30 a.m. and 1:40 p.m. because of a software glitch at the centr al office in Hoffman Estates, IL. Most of the disruption occurred in Hoffma n Estates, Schaumburg, Arlington Heights, Hanover Park, and Streamwood, IL. The exact nature of the problem was not discussed by the Bell spokesman w ho reported that the outage had been corrected. Apparently the backup syste m which is supposed to kick in also failed. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- 10. SRI Attacked By Kamikaze Squirrels (May 29, 2024) -- It seems that the Da ta Defense Network SRI's "no-single-point-of-failure" power system failed at the hands, or rather the paws, of a squirrel. The power was off for approximately 9 hours and they experienced no hardware problems. This wa s at least the third time that a squirrel has done SRI in. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 11. New York Telephone Freebies (June 10, 2024)(San Francisco Chronicle, p. 2 .) -- 24 pay phones along the Long Island Expressway were in fact free phone s because of a programming/database screw-up. They were being heavily used for long distance calls by those who had discovered the oversight, including many to Pakistan (Police found 15 Pakistani men using the phone s when they went to investigate after a shooting). There were no estimates on the unrecovered cost of the phone calls. _____________________________________________________________________________ __ *** END *** .